Learn: Atomic Structure

Welcome!Today we'll learn about Atomic Structure, an important concept in Chemistry. We'll explore subatomic particles, isotopes, and techniques like mass spectrometry. Let's get started!

What is Atomic Structure?Atomic structure refers to the arrangement of subatomic particles in an atom. These particles include protons, neutrons, and electrons. Understanding atomic structure helps explain the properties and behaviour of elements.

Proton, Neutron, and ElectronAtoms consist of three main subatomic particles:Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus. Their number determines the atomic number.Neutrons: Neutral particles found in the nucleus. They contribute to the atom's mass but not its charge.Electrons: Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in energy levels.

Atomic and Mass NumberThe atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. For example, carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12.

IsotopesIsotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with mass numbers 12 and 14 respectively.

Time of Flight (TOF) Mass SpectrometryTOF mass spectrometry is a technique used to measure the masses of ions. It works by ionising atoms or molecules, accelerating them, and measuring the time it takes for them to travel a fixed distance. This helps us determine the relative atomic and molecular masses.

Mass Spectra InterpretationA mass spectrum is a graph showing the abundance of ions at different mass-to-charge ratios. Peaks represent the relative abundance of isotopes or molecules. For example, the height of the peak indicates the amount of that isotope present.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about atomic structure, isotopes, mass spectrometry, and mass spectra interpretation. Let's test your understanding with a few review questions.