Learn: Atomic Structure

Welcome!Today we'll learn about Atomic Structure. This topic helps us understand the building blocks of matter and how we can analyse atoms using techniques like mass spectrometry. Let's dive in!

What is Atomic Structure?Atomic structure describes the arrangement of subatomic particles in an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around it. This structure determines an atom's properties and behaviour.

Key Terms- Atomic number: The number of protons in an atom. It defines the element.- Mass number: The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.- Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Time-of-Flight (TOF) Mass SpectrometryTOF mass spectrometry is a technique used to measure the mass of particles. It works by ionising atoms or molecules and then accelerating them through an electric field. Their time of flight is measured to determine their mass.

Steps in TOF Mass Spectrometry1. Ionisation: Atoms/molecules are ionised, usually by electron impact or electro spray ionisation.2. Acceleration: Ions are accelerated to the same kinetic energy.3. Deflection: Ions are deflected based on their mass-to-charge ratio.4. Detection: Ions are detected, and their time of flight is used to calculate their mass.

Understanding Mass SpectraA mass spectrum shows the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and abundance of ions. Peaks on the spectrum correspond to ions of different masses, helping identify isotopes and the molecular structure.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about atomic structure, isotopes, and TOF mass spectrometry. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.