Learn: Atomic Structure

Welcome!Today we'll explore Atomic Structure. This topic is fundamental to understanding chemistry, as it explains the building blocks of matter and how they are characterised. Let's dive in!

What is Atomic Structure?Atomic structure refers to the arrangement of particles in an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms are defined by their atomic number (number of protons) and mass number (protons + neutrons).

Key TermsAtomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, which defines the element. For example, hydrogen has an atomic number of 1.Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus. This determines the isotope of the element.

What are Isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon. They have the same number of protons but different mass numbers.

Understanding TOF Mass SpectrometryTime-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry is a method used to determine the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It helps identify elements and isotopes based on their masses.In TOF, ions are accelerated by an electric field, and their time to reach a detector is measured. Lighter ions travel faster than heavier ones.

Interpreting Mass SpectraA mass spectrum shows the relative abundance of ions against their mass-to-charge ratio. Peaks represent isotopes, with height indicating abundance.For example, chlorine shows two main peaks for its isotopes: Cl-35 and Cl-37.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about atomic structure, isotopes, TOF mass spectrometry, and interpreting mass spectra. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.