Learn: Animal & Plant Cells

Welcome!Building on what you've already learned about eukaryotes and prokaryotes, we're now going to explore animal and plant cells in more detail. You'll learn about their structures, functions, and differences, as well as how they are adapted to their roles.

What are Animal & Plant Cells?Animal and plant cells are both eukaryotic cells (cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles). They perform vital functions to keep living organisms alive, but they have some key differences in their structures.

Basic Cell StructuresBoth animal and plant cells have a nucleus (contains genetic material and controls the cell), cytoplasm (where chemical reactions happen), and a cell membrane (controls what enters and leaves the cell). They also contain mitochondria for energy release and ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Plant-Specific StructuresPlant cells have additional structures that animal cells do not. These include a cell wall (provides strength and support), chloroplasts (contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis), and a large vacuole (stores water and maintains cell pressure).

Comparing Animal and Plant CellsWhile animal and plant cells share many structures, plant cells are larger and have features like a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a permanent vacuole. Animal cells, however, are more flexible and often have irregular shapes.

Specialised CellsSome cells are adapted to specific roles. For example, root hair cells in plants have a large surface area to absorb water and minerals, while red blood cells in animals carry oxygen using haemoglobin and lack a nucleus for more space.

MicroscopyWe use microscopes to study cells. A light microscope magnifies cells so we can see basic structures, while an electron microscope provides greater detail, allowing scientists to see organelles like ribosomes and mitochondria.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about animal and plant cells, their structures, and adaptations. Now let's test your understanding with a few questions.