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y = mx + c Flashcards
GCSE Mathematics (Edexcel) 1MA1
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y = mx + c
The equation of a straight line, where m is the gradient and c is the y-intercept.
Gradient (m)
The steepness of the line, calculated as the change in y divided by the change in x (rise over run).
Y-intercept (c)
The point where the line crosses the y-axis, represented by the value of c in y = mx + c.
Positive gradient
A line that slopes upwards from left to right, where m > 0.
Negative gradient
A line that slopes downwards from left to right, where m < 0.
Horizontal line equation
A line with gradient m = 0, written as y = c.
Vertical line equation
A line with an undefined gradient, written as x = a (where a is a constant).
Finding the gradient from two points
Use the formula m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) to calculate the gradient between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
Parallel lines
Lines that have the same gradient (m) but different y-intercepts (c).
Perpendicular lines
Lines where the product of their gradients is -1 (m1 × m2 = -1).
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