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Upper and Lower Bounds Flashcards
GCSE Mathematics (Edexcel) 1MA1
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Upper Bound
The maximum value a rounded number can be before it would round up to the next value.
Lower Bound
The minimum value a rounded number can be before it would round down to the previous value.
Limits of Accuracy
The range of values a number can take when it has been rounded to a specific degree of accuracy.
Finding Upper Bound (to nearest whole number)
Add 0.5 to the rounded value.
Finding Lower Bound (to nearest whole number)
Subtract 0.5 from the rounded value.
Upper and Lower Bounds (to 1 decimal place)
Add or subtract 0.05 from the rounded value.
Upper and Lower Bounds (to 2 decimal places)
Add or subtract 0.005 from the rounded value.
Using Bounds in Calculations
When performing calculations, use the upper and lower bounds to find the range of possible answers.
Multiplying Bounds
Multiply the upper bounds for the maximum result and the lower bounds for the minimum result.
Dividing Bounds
Divide the upper bound of the numerator by the lower bound of the denominator for the maximum result, and vice versa for the minimum result.

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