What is the प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट टेंस?

The प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट टेंस (Present Perfect Tense) is used to describe actions that have been completed at some point in the past but are still relevant to the present. It connects the past with the present and is commonly used in both written and spoken English.

Structure of the प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट टेंस

The structure of this tense is:

Subject + has/have + past participle

For example:

He has finished his homework.
We have visited the museum.

Key Uses of the प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट टेंस

The Present Perfect Tense is used for:

Actions completed in the past but relevant now: She has lost her keys, so she can't enter her house.
Life experiences: I have never been to Scotland.
Repeated actions: They have called three times today.
Actions beginning in the past and continuing now: We have lived here for five years.

Examples of प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट टेंस

Subject	Verb in Past Participle	Example Sentence
I	eaten	I have eaten breakfast.
She	finished	She has finished her project.
We	visited	We have visited Paris.
They	called	They have called us twice today.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Confusing Present Perfect with Past Simple

The Present Perfect Tense links the past and present, whereas the Past Simple is used for actions completed entirely in the past. Compare:

Present Perfect: I have read that book (relevant now).
Past Simple: I read that book last year (no connection to now).

Incorrect Use of Has/Have

Remember:

Use has with singular subjects (e.g., he, she).
Use have with plural subjects or 'I'/'you' (e.g., we, they).

Practice Exercises

Test your understanding of the Present Perfect Tense by completing these sentences:

She ________ (visit) the museum twice this year.
We ________ (not finish) our homework yet.
I ________ (see) that movie before.
They ________ (call) us three times today.

Answers:

She has visited the museum twice this year.
We have not finished our homework yet.
I have seen that movie before.
They have called us three times today.

Exam Tips for GCSE and A-Level Students

Understand Context

In exams, context is key. Pay attention to whether the action has a connection to the present or is a completed event in the past.

Use Time Expressions

Time expressions like already, yet, just, and ever are often used with the Present Perfect Tense. For example:

Have you finished your homework yet?
I have just completed the assignment.

Practice Active and Passive Voice

Understand how to use the tense in active and passive voice:

Active Voice	Passive Voice
She has written the report.	The report has been written by her.

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Master the प्रेजेंट परफेक्ट टेंस with Examples