An Inspector Calls Themes and Analysis

Understanding Themes in An Inspector Calls

An Inspector Calls, written by J.B. Priestley, is a staple of GCSE and A-Level English Literature in the UK. It’s a play filled with rich themes, social critique, and moral questions that challenge both its characters and the audience.

In this post, we’ll explore the major themes in the play, provide practical examples, and offer analysis to deepen your understanding. Plus, you’ll find exam tips to help you write strong responses in your essays.

Key Themes Explored in An Inspector Calls

Priestley’s play revolves around several interconnected themes. Let’s break them down:

1. Social Responsibility

One of the central themes of the play is social responsibility. Priestley uses the character of the Inspector to convey the idea that individuals have a collective responsibility towards others in society.

Examples:

• The Inspector’s Speech: His closing monologue emphasises the interconnectedness of society: "We don’t live alone. We are members of one body."
• Eva Smith’s Story: Each member of the Birling family played a role in her downfall, showcasing the consequences of failing to act responsibly.

Analysis Tip: When discussing social responsibility, focus on how Priestley contrasts the attitudes of the younger generation (Sheila and Eric) with the older generation (Mr and Mrs Birling).

2. Class and Social Inequality

Priestley critiques the British class system and highlights the inequalities between the upper and working classes.

Examples:

• Mr Birling’s Attitudes: Mr Birling’s dismissiveness towards workers like Eva Smith reflects the capitalistic mindset that prioritises profits over people.
• Gerald’s Affair: Gerald exploits Eva’s vulnerable position as a working-class woman, demonstrating how social inequality allows the upper class to exploit the lower class.

Analysis Tip: Draw attention to how Priestley uses Eva Smith as a symbol of the working class and contrasts this with the privilege of the Birling family.

3. Generational Divide

The play highlights the conflict between the younger and older generations, particularly in their attitudes towards social change.

Examples:

• Sheila and Eric: Both characters show remorse for their actions and are more open to the Inspector’s message.
• Mr and Mrs Birling: They remain unrepentant and refuse to accept responsibility, symbolising the resistance of the older generation to change.

Analysis Tip: Compare the development of Sheila and Eric to the stagnancy of Mr and Mrs Birling to show Priestley’s hope for future generations.

4. Gender Roles

Priestley critiques traditional gender roles and highlights how they contribute to social inequality.

Examples:

• Eva Smith: As a working-class woman, Eva’s struggles are exacerbated by her gender and vulnerability.
• Sheila’s Transformation: Sheila’s journey from being superficial to socially conscious challenges traditional expectations of women.

Analysis Tip: Discuss how Priestley uses Sheila’s character to show the potential for women to reject societal norms and advocate for change.

Exam Tips for An Inspector Calls

Here are some specific tips for GCSE and A-Level students:

• Plan Your Essays: Start with a clear introduction that outlines the themes you’ll discuss. Use paragraphs to address each theme separately.
• Use Quotes Effectively: Memorise key quotes like "We don’t live alone" and integrate them into your analysis. Explain their significance and link them back to the question.
• Focus on Priestley’s Purpose: Always consider Priestley’s intent behind the themes. Why does he critique capitalism or highlight generational divides?
• Compare Characters: Use contrasting characters (e.g., Sheila vs. Mr Birling) to demonstrate themes effectively.

Tip for Higher Grades: To achieve top marks, link your analysis to the historical context of the play and Priestley’s socialist views.

Practice Exercise: Write Your Own Analysis

Try this exercise to sharpen your skills:

Question: How does Priestley present the theme of social responsibility in An Inspector Calls?

Write a short analysis (300 words) that includes:

• At least two quotes from the play.
• A discussion of Priestley’s purpose.
• Comparison of two characters’ attitudes towards responsibility.

Once completed, check your response against sample essays or use our AI tutor to get feedback. [LINK:/genies]

Conclusion

An Inspector Calls is packed with themes that resonate with audiences even today. By understanding the key themes and practising your analysis, you’ll be well-prepared for your exams.

For more lessons and tailored support, visit [LINK:/lessons].