English Flashcards
Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) First Language English 0990
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Simile
A comparison using 'like' or 'as' to create a vivid image (e.g., 'as brave as a lion').
Metaphor
A direct comparison stating one thing is another (e.g., 'time is a thief').
Personification
Giving human qualities to non-human objects or ideas (e.g., 'the wind whispered through the trees').
Hyperbole
Exaggeration for emphasis or effect (e.g., 'I've told you a million times').
Alliteration
The repetition of initial consonant sounds in nearby words (e.g., 'she sells sea shells').
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate the sound they describe (e.g., 'buzz', 'clang').
Imagery
Descriptive language that appeals to the senses (e.g., 'the sweet scent of roses').
Tone
The writer's attitude towards the subject or audience, conveyed through word choice and style (e.g., formal, sarcastic, optimistic).
Mood
The atmosphere or emotional feeling created for the reader (e.g., tense, joyful, melancholic).
Contrast in tone
A shift or difference in the writer's attitude within a text, often used to highlight key ideas or emotions.
How tone is created
Through diction, sentence structure, figurative language, and imagery.
How mood is created
Through setting, descriptive details, and the use of sensory language.
Rhetorical question
A question asked for effect, not requiring an answer (e.g., 'Isn't it obvious?').
Emotive language
Words or phrases used to evoke an emotional response (e.g., 'heartbreaking', 'tragic').
Repetition
The deliberate use of the same word or phrase for emphasis (e.g., 'Never, never, never give up').
Juxtaposition
Placing two contrasting ideas or images side by side for effect (e.g., 'darkness and light').
Symbolism
Using an object, person, or event to represent a deeper meaning (e.g., a dove symbolising peace).
Irony
A contrast between expectation and reality, often used for humour or emphasis (e.g., 'A fire station burning down').
Oxymoron
A figure of speech that combines contradictory terms (e.g., 'deafening silence').
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