Marine Science
IGCSECambridge International

Marine Science

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Formation of the oceans

The Earth and its oceans

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Structure of the Earth

The Earth and its oceans

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Plate tectonics

The Earth and its oceans

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Mid-ocean ridges

The Earth and its oceans

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Deep sea trenches

The Earth and its oceans

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Continental shelf, slope and rise

The Earth and its oceans

Curriculum Modules

Formation of the oceans
Structure of the Earth
Plate tectonics
Mid-ocean ridges
Deep sea trenches
Continental shelf, slope and rise
Distribution of oceans and seas
Waves
Tides
Ocean currents
Causes and effects of currents
Composition of seawater
Salinity
Measurement of salinity
Density of seawater
Temperature of seawater
Effect of temperature and salinity on density
Stratification of seawater
Mixing of seawater
Dissolved gases
Oxygen in seawater
Carbon dioxide in seawater
pH of seawater
Upwelling
El Niño (basic understanding)
Characteristics of living organisms
Marine plants
Marine animals
Marine protoctists
Classification of marine organisms
Cell structure (plant and animal cells)
Plankton
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Life cycles of marine organisms
Reproduction in marine organisms
Migration
Structural adaptations
Behavioural adaptations
Physiological adaptations
Nutrients in seawater
Sources of nutrients
Photosynthesis in marine environments
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Respiration
Food chains
Food webs
Trophic levels
Energy transfer
Efficiency of energy transfer
Carbon cycle in the oceans
Nitrogen cycle (basic outline)
Biotic factors
Abiotic factors
Ecosystems
Habitats
Rocky shore ecosystems
Zonation on rocky shores
Sandy shore ecosystems
Estuaries
Mangrove ecosystems
Open ocean habitats
Benthic zone
Pelagic zone
Deep sea habitats
Coral reefs
Coral structure
Zooxanthellae
Conditions for coral growth
Reef zonation
Sampling methods
Quadrats
Transects
Nets and plankton tows
Data collection and presentation
Risk assessment in fieldwork
Fishing methods
Overfishing
Bycatch
Fish population management
Maximum sustainable yield
Aquaculture
Advantages and disadvantages of aquaculture
Pollution
Oil pollution
Plastic pollution
Sewage pollution
Chemical pollution
Eutrophication
Habitat destruction
Climate change
Ocean warming
Ocean acidification
Invasive species
Marine conservation
Marine protected areas
Sustainable use of marine resources
Role of education and legislation
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