Statistics

Defining Hypotheses

Planning Data Collection

Constraints in Data Collection

Processing and Representing Data

Interpreting Results in Context

Evaluating Statistical Work

Qualitative and Quantitative Data

Discrete and Continuous Data

Categorical and Ordinal Data

Primary and Secondary Data

Bivariate and Multivariate Data

Population and Sample Frames

Random Sampling Techniques

Systematic and Quota Sampling

Stratified Sampling

Judgement and Opportunity Sampling

Bias in Sampling

Questionnaires and Surveys

Experiments and Observations

Data Cleaning Techniques

Dealing with Missing Data

Controlling Extraneous Variables

Bar Charts and Pie Charts

Stem and Leaf Diagrams

Scatter Diagrams

Frequency Polygons

Cumulative Frequency Graphs

Box Plots

Histograms

Population Pyramids

Mean, Median, and Mode

Geometric and Weighted Means

Choosing the Appropriate Average

Comparing Data Sets with Averages

Range and Interquartile Range

Percentiles and Interpercentile Range

Standard Deviation

Identifying and Interpreting Outliers

Comparing Data Sets with Spread

Probability Scales and Likelihood

Experimental and Theoretical Probability

Relative and Absolute Risk

Independent and Mutually Exclusive Events

Conditional Probability

Tree Diagrams and Venn Diagrams

Identifying Trends

Moving Averages

Seasonal and Cyclic Trends

Trend Line Interpretation

Retail Price Index (RPI)

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Percentage Change Calculations

Interpreting Rates of Change

Positive and Negative Correlation

Causation vs Association

Line of Best Fit

Spearman’s Rank Correlation

Interpolation and Extrapolation

Graphical Misrepresentation

Bias in Data Collection

Evaluating Statistical Conclusions

Communicating Findings Clearly