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Applied Anatomy and Physiology
Unit 1
Functions of the Skeleton
Bone Classification and Roles
Key Bones and Their Structure
Types of Joints
Joint Movements and Sporting Examples
Ligaments and Tendons in Sport
Muscle Types and Their Roles
Voluntary Muscles and Movement
Antagonistic Muscle Pairs
Fast and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres
Musculoskeletal System in Sport
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Structure of the Heart
Blood Vessels and Their Functions
Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation
Blood Components and Their Roles
Respiratory System Components
Gas Exchange in the Alveoli
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Working Together
Aerobic Energy Production
Anaerobic Energy Production and Lactic Acid
Energy Sources: Fats and Carbohydrates
Short-Term Effects of Exercise: Muscles
Short-Term Effects of Exercise: Cardiovascular System
Short-Term Effects of Exercise: Respiratory System
Recovery After Exercise
Long-Term Effects: Musculoskeletal System
Long-Term Effects: Cardiovascular System
Long-Term Effects: Respiratory System
Graphical Representation of Heart Rate and Stroke Volume
Unit 2
Movement Analysis
First Class Levers in the Body
Second Class Levers in the Body
Third Class Levers in the Body
Mechanical Advantage of Levers
Mechanical Disadvantage of Levers
Sagittal Plane Movements
Frontal Plane Movements
Transverse Plane Movements
Frontal Axis of Movement
Sagittal Axis of Movement
Vertical Axis of Movement
Somersaults and Sagittal Plane
Cartwheels and Frontal Plane
Twist Jumps and Transverse Plane
Identifying Planes in Sports Movements
Identifying Axes in Sports Movements
Lever Systems in Sports Actions
Planes of Movement in Sports Actions
Axes of Movement in Sports Actions
Common Exam Errors with Levers
Common Exam Errors with Planes
Common Exam Errors with Axes
Applying Lever Systems to Performance
Using Planes and Axes in Analysis
Worked Examples of Lever Systems
Worked Examples of Planes and Axes
Diagrams of Lever Systems
Diagrams of Planes and Axes
Linking Levers to Sporting Movements
Linking Planes to Sporting Movements
Linking Axes to Sporting Movements
Exam Practice: Lever Systems
Exam Practice: Planes and Axes
How Levers Affect Force and Speed
Impact of Planes on Movement Patterns
Impact of Axes on Movement Patterns
Analyzing Movements with Levers
Analyzing Movements with Planes
Analyzing Movements with Axes
Real-Life Examples of Lever Systems
Real-Life Examples of Planes and Axes
Practical Activities for Lever Systems
Practical Activities for Planes and Axes
How Levers Improve Efficiency in Sports
Importance of Planes in Sports Training
Importance of Axes in Sports Training
Interpreting Questions on Movement Analysis
Key Terms in Movement Analysis
How to Use Movement Analysis in Exams
Revision Strategies for Movement Analysis
Unit 3
Physical Training
Defining Fitness and Health
Relationship Between Fitness and Health
Defining Exercise and Performance
Components of Fitness
Cardiovascular Fitness Explained
Strength as a Fitness Component
Muscular Endurance Defined
Flexibility in Physical Training
Body Composition and Fitness
Agility in Sports Performance
Balance and Coordination Skills
Power and Reaction Time
Speed as a Fitness Component
Purpose of Fitness Testing
Fitness Test Protocols
Cooper 12-Minute Test
Harvard Step Test Explained
Illinois Agility Run Test
Grip Dynamometer Test
One-Minute Sit-Up Test
One-Minute Press-Up Test
Vertical Jump Test
Sit and Reach Test
Interpreting Normative Fitness Data
Principles of Training Overview
Individual Needs in Training
Specificity in Training
Progressive Overload in Training
FITT Principle in Training
Avoiding Overtraining
Reversibility in Training
Aerobic Training Thresholds
Anaerobic Training Thresholds
Simplified Karvonen Formula
Methods of Training Overview
Continuous Training Method
Fartlek Training Method
Circuit Training Method
Interval Training Method
Plyometric Training Method
Weight/Resistance Training Method
Fitness Classes for Training
Advantages of Training Methods
Disadvantages of Training Methods
Long-Term Effects of Exercise
Muscular-Skeletal System Adaptations
Cardio-Respiratory System Adaptations
Training for Longer and More Intensely
Using PAR-Q for Readiness Assessment
Preventing Injuries in Training
Common Sports Injuries
RICE Injury Treatment Technique
Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Positive and Negative PED Effects
Purpose of Warm-Ups and Cool Downs
Phases of a Warm-Up
Activities in Warm-Ups and Cool Downs
Unit 4
Health, Fitness and Wellbeing
Physical Health Benefits of Exercise
Emotional Health Benefits of Exercise
Social Health Benefits of Exercise
Impact of Fitness on Wellbeing
Designing a Personal Exercise Programme
Lifestyle Choices: Diet
Lifestyle Choices: Activity Levels
Lifestyle Choices: Work, Rest, and Sleep Balance
Lifestyle Choices: Recreational Drugs
Positive and Negative Impacts of Lifestyle Choices
What is a Sedentary Lifestyle?
Health Risks of a Sedentary Lifestyle
Impact of Sedentary Lifestyle on Fitness Components
Overweight, Overfat, and Obesity
Graphical Data on Physical Health Trends
Understanding Nutritional Requirements for a Balanced Diet
Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats
Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
Role of Water and Hydration in Health
Role of Fibre in Nutrition
Energy Balance for Maintaining Healthy Weight
Factors Affecting Optimum Weight
Optimum Weight for Different Sports Roles
Hydration Needs During Physical Activity
Carbohydrate Loading for Endurance Athletes
Timing of Protein Intake for Power Athletes
Consequences of Poor Diet on Health and Performance
Designing a Balanced Diet Plan for Athletes
Using Graphs to Interpret Nutrition and Hydration Data
Long-Term Health Benefits of Regular Exercise
Promoting Physical Activity to Improve Health
Effects of Smoking on Physical Health
Effects of Alcohol on Physical Health
Understanding Diabetes and Exercise
Risk of Osteoporosis from Sedentary Lifestyles
Mental Health and Exercise
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Exercise on Wellbeing
Social Interaction Through Sports Participation
Analyzing Trends in Physical Health and Activity Data
Common Misconceptions About Exercise and Health
Examining the Role of Physical Activity in Stress Reduction
Understanding Coronary Heart Disease and Exercise
Strategies to Reduce Sedentary Behavior
Impact of Muscle Tone and Posture on Health
How Exercise Improves Cardiovascular Health
How Exercise Benefits Mental Resilience
The Role of Physical Activity in Community Building
Analyzing Physical Activity Levels Across Different Age Groups
Examining Gender Differences in Physical Activity Participation
Understanding the Importance of Sleep for Physical Health
Role of Physical Activity in Preventing High Blood Pressure
Unit 5
Sport Psychology
Skill Classification: Basic vs Complex Skills
Skill Classification: Open vs Closed Skills
Skill Classification: Low vs High Organisation Skills
Practice Structures: Massed Practice
Practice Structures: Distributed Practice
Practice Structures: Fixed Practice
Practice Structures: Variable Practice
Matching Practice to Skill Classification
Goal Setting: Purpose in Performance
SMART Targets: Specific Principle
SMART Targets: Measurable Principle
SMART Targets: Achievable Principle
SMART Targets: Realistic Principle
SMART Targets: Time-Bound Principle
Setting Performance Goals
Reviewing Goals to Optimize Performance
Visual Guidance: Benefits and Limitations
Verbal Guidance: Benefits and Limitations
Manual Guidance: Benefits and Limitations
Mechanical Guidance: Benefits and Limitations
Choosing Guidance for Skill Levels
Intrinsic Feedback: Understanding and Application
Extrinsic Feedback: Understanding and Application
Concurrent Feedback: Understanding and Application
Terminal Feedback: Understanding and Application
Mental Preparation: Importance of Warm-Up
Mental Preparation: Techniques for Mental Rehearsal
Exam Trap: Confusing Skill Classification Continua
Exam Trap: Misinterpreting SMART Target Principles
Exam Trap: Selecting Inappropriate Guidance Methods
Exam Trap: Misunderstanding Feedback Types
Worked Example: Classifying Skills in a Sport Scenario
Worked Example: Setting SMART Goals for Sprinting
Worked Example: Choosing Guidance for Novice Swimmers
Worked Example: Feedback Analysis in a Tennis Match
Worked Example: Mental Rehearsal for Gymnastics Routine
Interpreting Graphs on Feedback Effectiveness
Unit 6
Socio-Cultural Influences
Personal Factors Affecting Participation
Impact of Gender on Participation
Impact of Age on Participation
Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Participation
Impact of Ethnicity on Participation
Impact of Disability on Participation
Interpreting Participation Rate Data
Understanding Commercialisation in Sport
Relationship Between Media and Sport
Advantages of Media in Sport
Disadvantages of Media in Sport
Role of Sponsorship in Sport
Advantages of Sponsorship in Sport
Disadvantages of Sponsorship in Sport
Interpreting Commercialisation Data
Understanding Sportsmanship
Examples of Sportsmanship in Sport
Understanding Gamesmanship
Examples of Gamesmanship in Sport
Deviance in Sport
Consequences of Deviance in Sport
Reasons for Deviance at Elite Levels
Impact of Ethical Issues on Sport
Social Values Promoted by Sport
Using Data to Analyse Participation Trends
Using Data to Analyse Commercialisation Trends
Using Data to Analyse Ethical Issues in Sport
Unit 7
Use of Data
Qualitative vs Quantitative Data in Sport
Methods of Collecting Data in Physical Activity
Using Surveys to Gather Data
Observation Techniques in Sport Data Collection
Fitness Testing as a Data Collection Tool
Recording Data During Physical Activity
Using Technology for Data Collection in Sport
Presenting Data in Tables
Creating Graphs to Display Sport Data
Bar Charts for Physical Activity Data
Line Graphs for Tracking Trends in Sport
Pie Charts for Representing Sport Participation
Using Scatter Graphs to Show Correlations
Interpreting Data from Tables
Understanding Trends in Graphs
Identifying Patterns in Sport Data
Evaluating Data Accuracy in Sport Contexts
Comparing Data Against Normative Values
Using Normative Data Tables in Fitness Testing
Analysing Statistical Data in Physical Activity
Common Errors in Data Interpretation
Evaluating the Reliability of Data Sources
Impact of Sample Size on Data Validity
Using Data to Improve Sport Performance
Case Studies: Data Application in Training Programs
Using Data for Goal Setting in Sport
SMART Targets and Data Analysis
Monitoring Progress Using Data in Physical Activity
Data Analysis in Team Sports vs Individual Sports
Ethical Considerations in Sport Data Collection
The Role of Data in Injury Prevention
Data Analysis for Evaluating Training Effectiveness
Using Data to Analyse Performance Trends
Examining the Impact of Lifestyle Choices on Data
Comparing Pre- and Post-Training Data
Using Data to Identify Strengths and Weaknesses
Assessing Physical Activity Levels Through Data
Data Analysis in Socio-Cultural Influences on Sport
Using Data to Evaluate Sedentary Lifestyle Effects
Data Presentation for Extended Writing Questions
Exam Skills: Answering Data-Based Questions
Common Traps in Data Interpretation Questions
Using Calculators for Sport Data Analysis
Understanding Statistical Terms in Sport Data
Linking Data Analysis to Personal Exercise Programmes
Using Data to Monitor Fitness Improvements
Evaluating Training Adaptations Through Data
Data Analysis for Cardiovascular Fitness Trends
Interpreting Data from Fitness Class Results
Data Analysis for Physical Activity Participation Rates
Unit 8
Practical Performance
Skills in Isolation for Team Activities
Skills in Isolation for Individual Activities
Skills in Competitive Team Scenarios
Skills in Competitive Individual Scenarios
Choosing Team Activities
Choosing Individual Activities
Forbidden Activity Combinations
Team Strategies and Decision-Making
Individual Performance Techniques
Preparation Phase in Skills Execution
Execution Phase in Skills Performance
Recovery Phase in Skills Performance
Technical Accuracy in Team Activities
Technical Accuracy in Individual Activities
Physical Attributes for Performance
Psychological Control in Competitive Scenarios
Rules and Safety Guidelines for Activities
Risk Management in Physical Activities
Adherence to Laws of the Game
Analyzing and Evaluating Performance
Performance Assessment Criteria Overview
Marking Skills in Isolation
Marking Skills in Competitive Scenarios
Using Conditioned Practices for Team Activities
Video Recording for Moderation Day
Moderation Process for Practical Performance
Sample Selection for Moderation
Standardization of Teacher Marking
Physical Activities List Overview
Team Activities Permitted for Assessment
Individual Activities Permitted for Assessment
Specialist Activities for Disabled Students
Preparation for Practical Performance Assessment
Resources and Equipment for Activities
Time Allocation for Practical Activities
Health and Safety in Practical Performance
Role of Teachers in Practical Performance
Authenticity of Student Work
Feedback Rules During Assessments
Fitness Requirements for Activities
Understanding the Assessment Criteria
Collecting Data for Performance Analysis
Analyzing Data to Improve Skills
Using Data to Set SMART Targets
Principles of Training in Practical Performance
Methods of Training for Activities
Adapting Training Plans Over Time
Evaluating Training Impact on Performance
Recommendations for Future Improvements
Writing a Coherent Personal Exercise Programme
Verbal Presentation of PEP Analysis
Using Graphs and Charts in PEP Evaluation
PEP Marking and Moderation Process
Unit 9
Personal Exercise Programme (PEP)
Defining a Personal Exercise Programme (PEP)
Choosing a Physical Activity for Your PEP
Setting SMART Targets for Your PEP
Understanding the Principles of Training
Applying Specificity to Your PEP
Progressive Overload in Training Plans
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type (FITT) Principle
Understanding Thresholds of Training
Aerobic and Anaerobic Target Zones
Conducting a PAR-Q Assessment
Identifying Components of Fitness
Fitness Tests: Purpose and Protocols
Using Fitness Test Results to Set Baseline Data
Selecting Methods of Training for Your PEP
Continuous Training Method Explained
Fartlek Training Method Explained
Circuit Training Method Explained
Interval Training Method Explained
Plyometric Training Method Explained
Weight/Resistance Training Method Explained
Recording Your Training Sessions
Monitoring Your Progress During the PEP
Using GPS and Heart Rate Data in Your PEP
Adapting Your PEP During the Programme
Mid-PEP Testing and Adjustments
Evaluating Pre-PEP Fitness Data
Comparing Pre- and Post-PEP Fitness Results
Plotting Data Graphically for Analysis
Using Tables and Charts to Present Results
Analyzing Changes in Fitness Levels
Explaining Performance Improvements
Identifying Reasons for Lack of Improvement
Recommending Future Training Strategies
Writing a Coherent and Concise PEP
Common Mistakes in PEP Planning
Common Mistakes in PEP Evaluation
How to Use Training Logs Effectively
Understanding the Link Between PEP and Physical Activity Performance
Using Data to Optimize Training Plans
Incorporating Warm-Up and Cool-Down in Your PEP
Using Fitness Normative Data for Evaluation
Ensuring Safety During PEP Activities
How to Structure Your PEP
Verbal Presentation of Your PEP
Using Technology to Support Your PEP Evaluation
Understanding the Role of Fitness Components in Performance
The Importance of Rest and Recovery in Training
Impact of Lifestyle Choices on Your PEP
Writing a Justification for Your PEP Goals
Linking PEP to Sport Psychology Principles
Using Feedback to Improve Your PEP
Finalizing Your PEP for Submission
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