Your journey to excellence inClassical Civilisations

Roman Gods: Roles and Symbols

Depictions of Zeus in Greek Art

Depictions of Jupiter in Roman Art

Heracles and the Olympic Games

The Twelve Labours of Heracles

Heracles on the Temple of Zeus

Hercules and Cacus in Roman Myth

Hercules in Ovid's Writing

Hercules in Virgil's Aeneid

Greek Temple Layouts and Functions

Roman Temple Layouts and Functions

The Parthenon: Architecture and Use

The Temple of Zeus at Olympia

The Pantheon: Architecture and Use

Temple of Fortuna Virilis in Rome

Greek Priests and Priestesses: Roles

Roman Priests and Priestesses: Roles

Greek Sacrifice Rituals and Practices

Roman Sacrifice Rituals and Practices

Foundation Myth: Athens and Athena

Foundation Myth: Theseus and Athens

Foundation Myth: Romulus and Remus

Foundation Myth: Aeneas and Rome

Comparison of Theseus and Romulus

The City Dionysia Festival

The Great Panathenaia Festival

The Lupercalia Festival

The Saturnalia Festival

Centauromachy on the Parthenon Frieze

Amazonomachy on the Bassae Frieze

The Prima Porta Statue of Augustus

The Ara Pacis of Augustus

Greek Burial Practices: Prothesis

Greek Burial Practices: Ekphora

Greek Burial Practices: Stelai

Roman Burial Practices: Funeral Clubs

Roman Burial Practices: Processions

Festivals for the Dead: Greek Genesia

Festivals for the Dead: Roman Parentalia

Festivals for the Dead: Roman Lemuria

Persephone and Demeter in Greek Myth

Orpheus and Eurydice in Roman Myth

The Homeric Hymn to Demeter

The Homeric Hymn to Heracles

Plutarch's Lives: Theseus and Romulus

Ovid's Metamorphoses: Hercules and Nessus

Virgil's Aeneid: Hercules and Cacus

The Role of Myth in Power Representation

Greek and Roman Underworld Beliefs

Helen of Troy's Depiction

The Sabine Women in Roman Legend

Tarpeia's Role in Roman Myth

Lucretia and Roman Virtue

Cleopatra in Roman Literature and Art

Education of Athenian Girls

Athenian Wedding Rituals

Spartan Education for Girls

Spartan Marriage Customs

Roman Girls' Education

Types of Roman Marriage

Cum Manu vs. Sine Manu Marriage

The Kyria in Athenian Society

Athenian Domestic Slaves

Spartan Women as Wives and Mothers

The Matrona in Roman Society

Roman Domestic Slaves

Pornai and Hetairai in Athens

Neaira and Aspasia in Greek History

Meretrix and Lena in Rome

Clodia and Cytheris in Roman Literature

Priestesses and Prophetesses in Greece

The Pythia and Oracle of Delphi

Women's Roles in Greek State Cults

Vestal Virgins in Roman Religion

Flaminica Dialis and Roman Priestesses

Women's Roles in Roman State Cults

Athenian Assembly and Women's Exclusion

Aristophanes' Assemblywomen

Agnodice's Trial in Athens

Roman Senate and Women's Exclusion

Repeal of the Oppian Law

Sempronia and the Catilinarian Conspiracy

Penthesilea and the Amazons in Art

Camilla in Virgil's Aeneid

Medea in Greek Literature

Cleopatra VII in Roman History

Battle of Actium and Cleopatra's Role

Hegeso Stele and Athenian Women

Ampharete Stele and Greek Mourning

Parthenon Frieze and Women's Roles

Maenad Cup and Dionysian Worship

Flight of Medea Krater in Art

House of the Vestal Virgins in Rome

Pompeii's Sappho Fresco

Pudicitia Statue and Roman Virtue

Key Mycenaean Sites: Mycenae

Key Mycenaean Sites: Tiryns

Key Mycenaean Sites: Troy VI and VIIa Debate

Mycenaean Palace Complex Layout

The Megaron: Central Hall Design and Function

Mycenaean Everyday Life: Hunting

Mycenaean Armour and Weapons

Mycenaean Chariot Use

Mycenaean Clothing Evidence

Mycenaean Trade and Economy

Linear B Tablets: Preservation and Content

Linear B Tablets: Significance of Records

Mycenaean Frescoes: Techniques and Designs

Mycenaean Jewellery: Materials and Techniques

Mycenaean Decorative Objects: Votive Offerings

Mycenaean Tomb Types: Shaft Graves

Mycenaean Tomb Types: Cist Graves

Mycenaean Tomb Types: Tholos and Chamber Tombs

Grave Circle A: Contents and Significance

Grave Circle B: Contents and Significance

The Lion Gate at Mycenae

Cyclopean Walls: Construction and Purpose

Mycenaean Death Mask of Agamemnon

Mycenaean Warrior Vase

Linear B Tablet with Tripod Ideogram

Homer as a Storyteller: Epic Composition

Epic Features of the Odyssey

Narrative Techniques: Similes in the Odyssey

Narrative Techniques: Epithets in the Odyssey

Narrative Techniques: Formulae in the Odyssey

Themes in the Odyssey: Xenia (Guest-Friendship)

Themes in the Odyssey: Deceit and Trickery

Themes in the Odyssey: Civilisation vs Barbarism

Themes in the Odyssey: Revenge and Justice

Themes in the Odyssey: Nostos (Homecoming)

Themes in the Odyssey: Role of Fate

Odysseus as Leader and Hero

Odysseus’ Relationship with Athena

Penelope as Host, Wife, and Queen

Telemachus as Son and Hero

Portrayal of the Suitors in the Odyssey

Portrayal of Polyphemus as Monster

Portrayal of Circe as Witch and Host

Loyalty and Disloyalty of Odysseus’ Slaves

Homer’s Odyssey: Book 9 Overview

Homer’s Odyssey: Book 10 Overview

Homer’s Odyssey: Book 19 Overview

Homer’s Odyssey: Book 21 Overview

Homer’s Odyssey: Book 22 Overview

The Roman Housing System

Insulae: Apartments for the Poor

Domus: Atrium-Style Houses

Living Conditions of the Rich vs Poor

Decoration in Roman Homes: Frescoes and Mosaics

Paterfamilias: Rights and Duties

Patrons and Clients in Roman Society

Education in the Roman World

The Role of the Litterator in Education

The Grammaticus and Advanced Learning

The Rhetor and Public Speaking Skills

School Equipment: Stilus, Wax Tablets, and Papyrus

Roman Dinner Parties (Cena)

Organisation and Entertainment at a Cena

Citizenship in Roman Society

Senators and Equites: Roles and Privileges

Slavery in Roman Society

Becoming a Slave: Legal and Social Position

Freedmen and Their Rights

Skilled and Unskilled Slave Jobs

The Roman Amphitheatre

Gladiators: Training, Types, and Status

The Circus Maximus and Chariot Races

Teams, Charioteers, and Audience Involvement

Roman Theatre Design and Performances

Stock Characters in Roman Comedy

Mime and Pantomime in Roman Theatre

Actors and Actresses in Roman Society

The Roman Baths and Their Design

Activities at the Baths: Palaestra and Socialising

The House of Menander: Layout and Decoration

The House of Octavius Quartio

The Tomb of Naevoleia Tyche and Its Inscription

The Large Theatre in Pompeii

Insula of Diana in Ostia

House of the Wooden Partition in Herculaneum

Central Baths in Herculaneum

The Colosseum: Design and Usage

The Circus Maximus: Structure and Function

Horace: Smiling Satire

Juvenal: Angry Satire

Petronius’ Satyricon: Dinner with Trimalchio

Pliny’s Letters: Roman Life Commentary

Dangers of Roman City Life

Rich vs Poor in Roman Cities

Leisure and Entertainment in Roman Literature

Food and Dinner Parties in Roman Literature

Slaves and Masters in Roman Literature

Patrons and Clients in Roman Literature

Women and Men in Roman Literature

Spartan Training: Agoge and Syssitia

Spartan Army Equipment and Tactics

Role of Perioeci and Helots in Spartan Warfare

Idealisation of War in Spartan Society

Battle of Thermopylae: Key Events and Figures

Significance and Commemoration of Thermopylae

Athenian Army Recruitment and Training

Athenian Navy Recruitment and Training

Athenian Military Equipment and Tactics

Impact of Military on Athenian Politics and Society

Battle of Salamis: Key Events and Figures

Significance and Commemoration of Salamis

Roman Army Recruitment and Training in Imperial Period

Roman Navy Recruitment and Training in Imperial Period

Structure and Organisation of Roman Army

Layout of a Roman Legionary Fortress

Roman Army Equipment and Battle Tactics

Roman Navy Equipment and Battle Tactics

Battle of Actium: Key Events and Figures

Significance and Commemoration of Actium

Trajan’s Campaign Against the Dacians

Presentation of Warfare in Roman Material Sources

Image of Trajan as Emperor and Military Leader

Victims of Warfare in Roman Campaigns

Bronze Warrior Figure: Spartan Art

Corinthian Helmet Dedicated to Zeus at Olympia

Lenormant Trireme Relief: Naval Warfare

Red Figure Kylix: Persian and Greek Combat

Temple of Athena Nike South Frieze

Relief Commemorating Battle of Actium

Bronze Statuette of a Roman Legionary

Roman Fortress at Chester

Mark Antony Legionary Denarius Coin

Trajan’s Column: Depictions of Dacian Campaign

Arch of Trajan at Benevento

Homer’s Iliad: Depiction of Warfare

Tyrtaeus Fragment 10: The Fallen Warrior

Virgil’s Aeneid: Book 2 Analysis

Horace Odes 3.2: Reflections on War

Narrative Techniques in Epic Literature

Speeches and Similes in War Literature

Characterisation of Leaders and Soldiers

Comrades and Enemies in War Literature

Depiction of Non-Combatants in War Literature

Themes: Glory, Honour, and Shame

Themes: Comradeship and Freedom

Themes: Hubris and Arrogance in War

Themes: Love and Patriotism in War

Themes: Horror and Glorification of Warfare

Themes: Fear and Courage in War

Themes: Family and Ancestors in War Literature

Military and Civilian Victims of War

Heroes in War Literature: Cultural Contexts

Responses to War Literature Across Audiences