AQA · GCSE
Your journey to excellence inBusiness
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Start with the first Business lesson.
What a business is and why businesses exist
1What a business is and why businesses existRead next2Goods vs servicesRead next3Needs vs wantsRead next4Why people start a business: spotting opportunitiesRead next5Business activities: producing, supplying, distributing, and social benefitRead next6Factors of production: land, labour, capital, enterpriseRead next7Opportunity cost in business decisionsRead next8The primary sector: what it is and examplesRead next9The secondary sector: what it is and examplesRead next10The tertiary sector: what it is and examplesRead next11Enterprise: what it means in businessRead next12The entrepreneur: key characteristicsRead next13Why entrepreneurs take risks (their objectives)Read next14The dynamic nature of business: why markets changeRead next15How technology changes what businesses doRead next16How the economy changes business decisionsRead next17How laws and regulations shape business behaviourRead next18How environmental expectations affect businessesRead next19Sole traders: features, pros and consRead next20Partnerships: features, pros and consRead next21Private limited companies (ltd): features, pros and consRead next22Public limited companies (plc): features, pros and consRead next23Not-for-profit organisations: purpose and fundingRead next24Limited liability: what it means and why it mattersRead next25Choosing the best legal structure for a scenarioRead next26Business aims vs business objectivesRead next27Why businesses set objectivesRead next28Common objectives: survival and profitRead next29Common objectives: growth and market shareRead next30Common objectives: customer satisfactionRead next31Common objectives: social, ethical and environmental goalsRead next32Why objectives differ between businessesRead next33Why objectives change as a business growsRead next34Measuring success beyond profitRead next35Stakeholders: what the term meansRead next36Owners as stakeholders: what they wantRead next37Employees as stakeholders: what they wantRead next38Customers as stakeholders: what they wantRead next39Suppliers as stakeholders: what they wantRead next40The local community as a stakeholderRead next41Stakeholder conflict: why interests clashRead next42How stakeholders influence business decisionsRead next43Location decisions: why location mattersRead next44Locating near the market: benefits and drawbacksRead next45Locating near raw materials: benefits and drawbacksRead next46Labour availability and skills in location decisionsRead next47Competition and costs in location decisionsRead next48Business planning: why businesses planRead next49Business plans and raising finance: why lenders/investors careRead next50The main sections of a business plan (what goes in each)Read next51Benefits of business planningRead next52Drawbacks of business planningRead next53Fixed costs: what they areRead next54Variable costs: what they areRead next55Total costs: how fixed and variable costs linkRead next56Revenue: what it meansRead next57Profit vs loss: what they meanRead next58Expansion: what it means and why businesses growRead next59Methods of expansion (internal growth)Read next60Methods of expansion (external growth)Read next61Benefits of expansionRead next62Drawbacks of expansionRead next63Economies of scale: what they areRead next64Diseconomies of scale: what they areRead next
Previews load for the first 60 in this unit.
External influences: why businesses must respond to change
1External influences: why businesses must respond to changeRead next2ICT and business: what “digital change” looks likeRead next3E-commerce: what it is and how it changes marketsRead next4Digital communication and stakeholders (customers, staff, suppliers)Read next5Benefits of digital technology for businessesRead next6Drawbacks/risks of digital technology for businessesRead next7Business ethics: what “ethical behaviour” meansRead next8Ethics vs profit: why trade-offs happenRead next9Benefits of acting ethically (brand, loyalty, trust)Read next10Drawbacks of acting ethically (costs, higher prices, lower profit)Read next11Environmental impact: congestion, waste, recycling, pollutionRead next12Costs and benefits of being environmentally responsibleRead next13Sustainability: scarce resources and global warmingRead next14Sustainability vs profit: common trade-offsRead next15Interest rates: how they affect borrowing and spendingRead next16Interest rates: effects on demand and salesRead next17Employment levels: how they affect businessesRead next18Consumer spending and incomes: why demand changesRead next19Globalisation: what it means for UK businessesRead next20Competing internationally: design, quality, lower pricesRead next21Benefits of globalisation for UK businessesRead next22Drawbacks of globalisation for UK businessesRead next23Exchange rates: impact on import costsRead next24Exchange rates: impact on export competitiveness and salesRead next25Legislation: why laws create business costs and constraintsRead next26Employment law: minimum wage/living wage impactsRead next27Employment law: Equality Act (2010) impactsRead next28Health and safety law: why compliance mattersRead next29Health and Safety at Work Act (1974): business impactRead next30Consumer law: protecting customers (eg trade descriptions)Read next31Consequences of breaking laws (fines, reputation, lost sales)Read next32Markets and competition: what competition meansRead next33How competition changes prices, quality and innovationRead next34When competition is low (local monopoly/unique product scenarios)Read next35Risk and uncertainty: why all businesses face themRead next36How businesses reduce risk (research, insurance, planning, flexibility)Read next
What “operations” means in a business (goods and services)
1What “operations” means in a business (goods and services)Read next2Interdependence: how operations links to marketing, HR and financeRead next3Job production: what it is and when it suitsRead next4Flow production: what it is and when it suitsRead next5Choosing job vs flow production for a scenarioRead next6Efficiency: what it means in productionRead next7Lean production: reducing waste and improving efficiencyRead next8Just-in-time (JIT) production: how it supports efficiencyRead next9Procurement: what it means and why it mattersRead next10Logistics: what it means and why it mattersRead next11Stock: why businesses hold stockRead next12JIT stock control: benefits and risksRead next13JIC stock control: benefits and risksRead next14Buffer stock: why businesses use itRead next15Supplier choice: price, quality and reliabilityRead next16Balancing cost vs quality in supplier decisionsRead next17Supply chain: what it isRead next18Supply chain management: how it lowers costs and improves speedRead next19Supply chain management: cutting waste and streamlining processesRead next20Quality: what customers expect in goods vs servicesRead next21Spotting quality problems and measuring qualityRead next22Consequences of poor quality (returns, complaints, reputation)Read next23Total Quality Management (TQM): what it isRead next24Benefits of TQM for a businessRead next25Costs of maintaining quality (inspection, training, recalls)Read next26Quality problems when a business grows (outsourcing/franchising)Read next27Good customer service: why it matters commerciallyRead next28Customer service methods: product knowledgeRead next29Customer service methods: customer engagement and experienceRead next30Customer service methods: after-sales supportRead next31Benefits of good service (loyalty, repeat spend, profitability)Read next32Dangers of poor service (reputation, revenue fall)Read next33The sales process: what it is and why it mattersRead next34ICT and customer service: websites, e-commerce and social media supportRead next
What the HR function does and why it matters
1What the HR function does and why it mattersRead next2Interdependence: how HR links to operations, marketing and financeRead next3Organisational structure: what it showsRead next4Chain of command: who reports to whomRead next5Span of control: what it means and why it mattersRead next6Delegation: what it is and why managers use itRead next7Delayering: what it is and why businesses do itRead next8Tall vs flat structures: key differencesRead next9How structure affects decision-making speed and controlRead next10How structure affects communication in a businessRead next11Why businesses recruit (growth, replacing staff, new skills)Read next12Internal recruitment: benefits and drawbacksRead next13External recruitment: benefits and drawbacksRead next14Job analysis: what it is used forRead next15Job description: what it includesRead next16Person specification: what it includesRead next17Selection methods: choosing the right one for a roleRead next18Why effective recruitment improves productivity and qualityRead next19Why effective recruitment improves retentionRead next20Contracts: full-time vs part-timeRead next21Contracts: job shareRead next22Contracts: zero-hoursRead next23Benefits of full-time employment for employers and employeesRead next24Benefits of part-time employment for employers and employeesRead next25Motivation: what it means at workRead next26Benefits of a motivated workforce (productivity, retention)Read next27Pay methods: salary vs wageRead next28Pay methods: commissionRead next29Pay methods: profit sharingRead next30Financial motivation: when it works bestRead next31Non-financial motivation: management styleRead next32Non-financial motivation: responsibility and empowermentRead next33Non-financial motivation: fringe benefitsRead next34Training: why businesses train staffRead next35Training benefits: productivity, quality, customer serviceRead next36Training benefits: coping with new technology and changeRead next37Training benefits: motivation and retentionRead next38Induction training: what it is and why it mattersRead next39On-the-job training: what it is, pros and consRead next40Off-the-job training: what it is, pros and consRead next
What marketing is and what the marketing function does
1What marketing is and what the marketing function doesRead next2Interdependence: how marketing links to operations, HR and financeRead next3Customer needs: what they are and why they matterRead next4Satisfying customer needs to increase salesRead next5Using customer needs to choose the right marketing mixRead next6Avoiding costly mistakes through better customer understandingRead next7Segmentation: what it is and why businesses do itRead next8Segmenting by ageRead next9Segmenting by genderRead next10Segmenting by locationRead next11Segmenting by incomeRead next12Target markets: choosing who to focus onRead next13Market research: what it is used for (demand, competition, target market)Read next14Primary research: what it is and examplesRead next15Secondary research: what it is and examplesRead next16Questionnaires and surveys: strengths and weaknessesRead next17Interviews and focus groups: strengths and weaknessesRead next18Internet and printed press research: strengths and weaknessesRead next19Qualitative vs quantitative research: the differenceRead next20Choosing the best research method for a scenarioRead next21Using research findings to make marketing decisionsRead next22Reading tables and charts for marketing dataRead next23Market size: what it means and how to interpret itRead next24Market share: what it means and how to interpret itRead next25The marketing mix: why the 4Ps work togetherRead next26Pricing methods: price skimmingRead next27Pricing methods: penetration pricingRead next28Pricing methods: competitive pricingRead next29Pricing methods: loss leader pricingRead next30Pricing methods: cost-plus pricingRead next31Factors affecting price: costs and competitionRead next32Factors affecting price: market conditionsRead next33Factors affecting price: product life cycle stageRead next34Price and demand: the basic relationshipRead next35New product development: benefits and risksRead next36Product design: matching the target marketRead next37Product differentiation: what it meansRead next38Unique selling point (USP): what it is and why it mattersRead next39Brand image: what it is and how it adds valueRead next40Product life cycle stages: R&D to declineRead next41Extension strategies: what they are and when to use themRead next42Evaluating extension strategies for a productRead next43Product portfolio: why businesses want balanceRead next44Boston Matrix: stars, cash cows, question marks, dogsRead next45Promotion methods: advertising channelsRead next46Promotion methods: public relations (PR)Read next47Promotion methods: sales promotionsRead next48Promotion methods: sponsorshipRead next49Promotion methods: social media promotionRead next50Choosing a promotional mix (budget, market, product, competitors, target)Read next51Reasons businesses promote (inform, persuade, remind, build image)Read next52Place: what distribution channels areRead next53Retailers, wholesalers and telesales: how they workRead next54Choosing the best distribution method for a scenarioRead next55E-commerce and m-commerce: why they are growingRead next56Benefits and drawbacks of selling onlineRead next57How marketing decisions change as a business growsRead next58Recommending a joined-up marketing mix for a case studyRead next
What the finance function does and why it matters
1What the finance function does and why it mattersRead next2Interdependence: how finance links to operations, HR and marketingRead next3Finance needs of start-ups vs established businessesRead next4Internal finance: retained profitRead next5Internal finance: selling unwanted assetsRead next6External finance: family and friendsRead next7External finance: loans and mortgagesRead next8External finance: overdraftsRead next9External finance: trade creditRead next10External finance: hire purchaseRead next11External finance: government grantsRead next12External finance: issuing new shares (share issue)Read next13Choosing the right source of finance for a scenarioRead next14Comparing finance sources: cost, risk, control and speedRead next15Cash flow: what it is and why it mattersRead next16Consequences of cash flow problemsRead next17Benefits of positive cash flowRead next18Cash vs profit: why they are differentRead next19Why businesses use cash flow forecastsRead next20Cash inflows and cash outflows: spotting them in a businessRead next21Net cash flow: what it tells youRead next22Opening and closing balances: how they link over timeRead next23Completing sections of a cash flow forecastRead next24Interpreting a cash flow forecast to identify risk monthsRead next25Fixing cash flow problems: rescheduling paymentsRead next26Fixing cash flow problems: reducing outflows and increasing inflowsRead next27Fixing cash flow problems: overdrafts and new financeRead next28Revenue, costs and profit: core meaningsRead next29Fixed, variable and total costs (finance recap for calculations)Read next30Average rate of return (ARR): what it measuresRead next31Calculating ARR for an investment decisionRead next32Break-even output: what it meansRead next33Interpreting break-even charts (no drawing required)Read next34Margin of safety: what it means and how to read itRead next35Why businesses use break-even analysis (and its limits)Read next36Financial statements: why they matter for decisionsRead next37Income statement: what it showsRead next38Statement of financial position: what it shows (a snapshot)Read next39Assets vs liabilities: the differenceRead next40Judging performance using income statement dataRead next41Comparing performance over time and against competitorsRead next42Viewing performance from different stakeholder perspectivesRead next43Gross profit margin: what it showsRead next44Net profit margin: what it showsRead next45Calculating profit margins (no formula sheet in exam)Read next
Using percentages in business contexts
1Using percentages in business contextsRead next2Calculating percentage change (price, costs, sales, market share)Read next3Calculating averages for business dataRead next4Calculating revenue from price and quantityRead next5Calculating profit and loss from revenue and costsRead next6Calculating gross profit margin from financial dataRead next7Calculating net profit margin from financial dataRead next8Calculating ARR from investment dataRead next9Using cash flow forecasts to compute totals and net cash flowRead next10Interpreting graphs and charts in business case studiesRead next11Interpreting market research data to support decisionsRead next12Interpreting market share and changes over timeRead next13Choosing relevant vs misleading dataRead next
AO1: using accurate business terminology
1AO1: using accurate business terminologyRead next2AO2: applying knowledge to a specific business contextRead next3AO3: analysing data and building a judgementRead next4Writing justified conclusions (because-and-so-what chains)Read next5Using numbers in answers (data response technique)Read next6Balancing points for evaluation (benefits vs drawbacks)Read next7Building longer responses with a clear line of argumentRead next