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GCSEOCR
Biology
Exam Questions
Using light microscopes, staining and calculating magnificationNewCell structures in plant, animal and prokaryotic cells (structure–function)NewElectron microscopy and what it revealed about cellsNewDNA structure: double helix, nucleotides and base pairingNewProtein synthesis: transcription, translation and the genetic codeNewEnzymes: active sites, specificity and how to investigate enzyme reactionsNewFactors affecting enzyme activity (temperature, pH, concentration) and rate dataNewCellular respiration: ATP, aerobic vs anaerobic (plants/fungi and animals)NewBiological molecules: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (monomers and polymers)NewPhotosynthesis: process, required experiments and limiting factorsNew
Diffusion, osmosis and active transport (including water potential)NewOsmosis practical: investigating mass change and interpreting resultsNewThe cell cycle, growth and mitosisNewCell differentiation and specialised cellsNewStem cells and meristems: roles and ethical considerationsNewSurface area to volume ratio and why multicellular organisms need transportNewThe human circulatory system and double circulationNewThe heart, blood vessels and blood (adaptations for transport)NewPlant uptake and transport: root hairs, xylem, phloem and translocationNewTranspiration: stomata, factors affecting water uptake and potometersNew
The nervous system: neurones, synapses and communicationNewReflexes and reflex arcs (including reaction time investigations)NewThe brain and how damage affects functionNewThe endocrine system: hormones as chemical messengersNewThyroxine and adrenaline (including negative feedback)NewHormones in reproduction: menstrual cycle overviewNewControlling the menstrual cycle: FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesteroneNewContraception and fertility treatments (including IVF)NewPlant hormones: auxins and tropisms; uses of plant growth regulatorsNewHomeostasis: temperature control, blood glucose and water balance (kidneys and ADH)New
Ecosystems and levels of organisation (organism to ecosystem)NewBiotic and abiotic factors affecting communitiesNewInterdependence and competition (predation, mutualism and parasitism)NewMicroorganisms and decomposition in ecosystemsNewThe carbon cycle and the water cycleNewDecomposition rates: aerobic vs anaerobic conditions and composting factorsNewTrophic levels, producers and consumers in food chains and websNewPyramids of biomass and where biomass is lost between trophic levelsNewEfficiency of biomass transfer and why food chains are limited in lengthNew
Chromosomes, genes and alleles: linking genotype to phenotypeNewThe genome, environment and variation within a speciesNewMutations and how genetic variants can affect phenotypeNewAsexual vs sexual reproduction: processes and advantagesNewMeiosis and how it creates genetic variationNewInheritance: dominant/recessive alleles and Punnett squaresNewUsing probability and ratios to predict outcomes of genetic crossesNewSex determination in humansNewPolygenic inheritance and complex traitsNewNatural selection, evolution and evidence (including antibiotic resistance)New
Sampling in the field: random sampling, transects and estimating populationsNewHuman impacts on ecosystems and biodiversityNewConservation strategies and the role of ecotourismNewMeasuring environmental change and interpreting ecological dataNewFood security: biological factors affecting supply and demandNewAgricultural solutions: farming methods, hydroponics, fertilisers, pesticides and biological controlNewSelective breeding and its impacts on food productionNewGenetic engineering in agriculture: key steps and evaluating risks/benefitsNewHealth and disease: communicable vs non-communicable, and disease interactionsNewPreventing/treating disease: plant defences, immunity, vaccines, medicines, lifestyleNew
