WJEC · GCE
Your journey to excellence inCriminology
By Revision Genie
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Start with the first Criminology lesson.
What “criminal”, “deviant” and “antisocial” mean in criminology
1What “criminal”, “deviant” and “antisocial” mean in criminologyRead next2White collar crime: organised, corporate and professionalRead next3Moral crime and “moral offences”Read next4State crime: human rights abusesRead next5Technological crime: e-crime and cyber-enabled offencesRead next6Individual crime: hate crimeRead next7Individual crime: honour crimeRead next8Individual crime: domestic abuseRead next9Analysing crime by offence type, victim type and offender typeRead next10Analysing crime by level of public awarenessRead next11Why crimes go unreported: fear and intimidationRead next12Why crimes go unreported: shame and stigmaRead next13Why crimes go unreported: disinterest and “not affected”Read next14Why crimes go unreported: lack of knowledge and complexityRead next15Why crimes go unreported: lack of media interest and low public concernRead next16Culture-bound crime and barriers to reportingRead next17Unreported crime case focus: domestic abuseRead next18Unreported crime case focus: sexual offences (including rape)Read next19Unreported crime case focus: vandalism and “minor” property crimeRead next20Unreported crime case focus: perceived victimless crimesRead next21Consequences of unreported crime: the ripple effectRead next22Consequences of unreported crime: unrecorded crime and distorted prioritiesRead next23Consequences of unreported crime: decriminalisation and legal changeRead next24Consequences of unreported crime: procedural change and police prioritisationRead next25News and newspaper representations of crimeRead next26TV and documentary representations of crimeRead next27Film and drama representations of crimeRead next28Social media representations of crime: blogs and networkingRead next29Gaming and music representations of crimeRead next30Moral panic: what it is and how it formsRead next31Stereotyping offenders and “ideal victims”Read next32Media impact on perceptions of crime trendsRead next33Media impact on fear of crime and attitudes to punishmentRead next34Comparing crime sources: Home Office stats vs CSEWRead next35Reliability, validity and ethics in crime data collectionRead next36Strengths and limitations of official statisticsRead next37Strengths and limitations of victimisation surveysRead next38What a “campaign for change” is and what it tries to achieveRead next39Campaign aims: changing policy, law, funding and agency prioritiesRead next40Campaign aims: changing awareness and public attitudesRead next41Comparing campaigns: purpose, audience, methods and outcomesRead next42Measuring campaign effectiveness against objectivesRead next43Media types in campaigns: blogs, viral messaging and social networkingRead next44Media types in campaigns: advertising, radio and televisionRead next45Media types in campaigns: film, documentary and printRead next46Evaluating campaign media: reach, persuasion and audience targetingRead next47Choosing a crime-related campaign focus for planningRead next48Setting aims and objectives for a campaign planRead next49Defining and justifying the target audienceRead next50Selecting methods, media and materials for the campaignRead next51Building a campaign budget and financial justificationRead next52Creating timescales, resource plans and rolesRead next53Designing campaign materials: structure and sequencing informationRead next54Designing campaign materials: images and attention-grabbing featuresRead next55Designing campaign materials: persuasive language and calls to actionRead next56Designing campaign materials: align with aims and audienceRead next57Designing materials: leaflet conventionsRead next58Designing materials: poster and advert conventionsRead next59Designing materials: blog and social page conventionsRead next60Writing a justification: presenting a clear case for actionRead next61Using evidence to support a campaign argumentRead next62Referencing credible sources for campaign work (controlled assessment focus)Read next
Previews load for the first 60 in this unit.
Crime and deviance: similarities and differences
1Crime and deviance: similarities and differencesRead next2Social construction of criminality: how laws vary by cultureRead next3Social construction of criminality: how laws change over timeRead next4Social construction of criminality: context and circumstance in applying lawRead next5Social construction of criminality: why groups experience law differentlyRead next6How “unreported crime” links to social constructions of crimeRead next7Biological explanations: what “genetic theories” claimRead next8Jacobs XYY study: claims and evaluation pointsRead next9Twin and adoption studies: what they test and what they suggestRead next10Physiological explanations: Lombroso and atavismRead next11Physiological explanations: Sheldon and body typesRead next12Individualistic explanations: learning theories overviewRead next13Social learning theory: Bandura and modelling crimeRead next14Individualistic explanations: psychodynamic overviewRead next15Psychodynamic explanation: Freud (id/ego/superego) and offendingRead next16Individualistic explanations: psychological traits overviewRead next17Personality explanation: Eysenck and criminal personalityRead next18Sociological explanations: social structure overviewRead next19Marxism: crime, power and inequalityRead next20Functionalism: crime as normal, functions and strain/anomie linksRead next21Sociological explanations: interactionism overviewRead next22Labelling: primary/secondary deviance and self-fulfilling prophecyRead next23Sociological explanations: realism overviewRead next24Left realism: relative deprivation, marginalisation and subculturesRead next25Right realism: individual responsibility, control and opportunityRead next26Applying theories to crime types: person/property crimeRead next27Applying theories to white collar and corporate crimeRead next28Applying theories to state and moral crimesRead next29Applying theories to individual behaviour in case scenariosRead next30Evaluating theories: strengths, weaknesses and evidence baseRead next31Comparing theories: which best explains which crimes (and why)Read next32How theories influence policy: informal vs formal policy makingRead next33Crime control policies and the theories behind themRead next34State punishment policies and the theories behind themRead next35Policy examples through theory: zero tolerance, CCTV and penal populismRead next36Policy examples through theory: restorative justice and multi-agency approachesRead next37Social change and policy: values, norms, mores and shifting attitudesRead next38Social change and policy: demographic change and social structureRead next39Social change and policy: cultural change and public perception of crimeRead next40Campaigns and policy making: newspaper campaignsRead next41Campaigns and policy making: individual campaignsRead next42Campaigns and policy making: pressure group campaignsRead next
What happens after a crime is detected: the investigation pathway
1What happens after a crime is detected: the investigation pathwayRead next2Crime scene investigators: role and typical tasksRead next3Forensic specialists and forensic scientists: roles and differencesRead next4Police officers and detectives: investigative decision-makingRead next5The CPS in investigations: working relationship with policeRead next6Pathologists and cause-of-death evidenceRead next7Other agencies: SOCA and HMRC (why they get involved)Read next8Evaluating effectiveness of roles: cost limitationsRead next9Evaluating effectiveness of roles: expertise limitationsRead next10Evaluating effectiveness of roles: availability limitationsRead next11Forensic techniques: fingerprints, DNA and trace evidence basicsRead next12Surveillance techniques: physical and digital surveillance overviewRead next13Profiling techniques: what profiling can and can’t doRead next14Intelligence databases: National DNA Database and investigative valueRead next15Interviewing eyewitnesses: reliability and procedure basicsRead next16Interviewing experts: purpose and limitsRead next17Matching techniques: crime scene vs lab vs station vs “street”Read next18Matching techniques to crime types: violent crime investigationsRead next19Matching techniques to crime types: e-crime investigationsRead next20Matching techniques to crime types: property crime investigationsRead next21Physical evidence vs testimonial evidence: key differencesRead next22Evidence processing: collection and contamination risksRead next23Evidence processing: transfer and continuityRead next24Evidence processing: storage and chain of custodyRead next25Evidence processing: analysis and interpretationRead next26Who processes evidence: roles and accountabilityRead next27Evidence in case studies: how processing affected outcomes (Barry George)Read next28Evidence in case studies: how processing affected outcomes (Sally Clarke)Read next29Evidence in case studies: how processing affected outcomes (Angela Cannings)Read next30Evidence in case studies: how processing affected outcomes (Amanda Knox)Read next31Rights of suspects during investigation and interviewRead next32Rights of victims during investigation and trial preparationRead next33Rights of witnesses and witness protection considerationsRead next34Rights through to appeal: what “safeguards” look likeRead next35CPS legal framework: charging role and why it mattersRead next36Prosecution of Offences Act and CPS responsibilitiesRead next37Full Code Test: evidential stageRead next38Full Code Test: public interest stageRead next39Pre-trial processes: case building and case managementRead next40Bail decisions: purposes and risksRead next41Court personnel roles: judge, prosecution, defence and legal teamsRead next42Plea bargaining: what it is and impacts on justiceRead next43Courts: magistrates’ court vs Crown Court pathwaysRead next44Appeals: why appeals happen and what they challengeRead next45Rules of evidence: relevance and admissibilityRead next46Disclosure of evidence: purpose and fairnessRead next47Hearsay rule and key exceptionsRead next48Evidence rules shaped by legislation and case lawRead next49Influences on outcomes: strength and type of evidenceRead next50Influences on outcomes: media pressure and publicityRead next51Influences on outcomes: witness credibility and errorsRead next52Influences on outcomes: expert evidence and expert biasRead next53Influences on outcomes: politics and policy climateRead next54Influences on outcomes: judiciary and judicial directionsRead next55Influences on outcomes: barristers and legal strategyRead next56Laypeople in criminal cases: the role of juriesRead next57Laypeople in criminal cases: the role of magistratesRead next58Strengths and weaknesses of jury decision-makingRead next59Strengths and weaknesses of lay magistratesRead next60Reviewing information sources: what “validity” means in practiceRead next61Testing for bias, opinion and context in case materialsRead next62Testing for currency and accuracy in case materialsRead next63Using evidence, transcripts, judgements and Law Reports as sourcesRead next64Drawing conclusions: what makes a verdict “safe”Read next65Drawing conclusions: what makes a verdict “just”Read next66Miscarriages of justice: warning signs from evidenceRead next67Judging sentencing as “just” using case info (controlled assessment focus)Read next
Previews load for the first 60 in this unit.
The criminal justice system in England and Wales: what it is for
1The criminal justice system in England and Wales: what it is forRead next2Law making via government processes: how legislation is createdRead next3Law making via judicial processes: judges and case lawRead next4Linking law making to campaign pressure and public opinionRead next5Criminal justice system agencies: police functions in the wider systemRead next6Criminal justice system agencies: courts and decision-making rolesRead next7Criminal justice system agencies: formal punishment and enforcementRead next8Relationships between agencies: cooperation and tension pointsRead next9Models of criminal justice: due process modelRead next10Models of criminal justice: crime control modelRead next11Comparing due process and crime control in real scenariosRead next12Social control: internal forms (rational ideology)Read next13Social control: internal forms (tradition)Read next14Social control: internalisation of rules and moralityRead next15Social control: external forms (coercion)Read next16Social control: external forms (fear of punishment)Read next17Control theory: why people obey the lawRead next18Aims of punishment: retributionRead next19Aims of punishment: rehabilitationRead next20Aims of punishment: deterrence (reducing reoffending)Read next21Aims of punishment: deterrence (deterring others)Read next22Aims of punishment: public protectionRead next23Aims of punishment: reparationRead next24Forms of punishment: imprisonmentRead next25Forms of punishment: community sentencesRead next26Forms of punishment: financial penaltiesRead next27Forms of punishment: dischargeRead next28Assessing punishment forms against aims: what “effective” looks likeRead next29Agencies in social control: police (aims, funding, philosophy, practices)Read next30Agencies in social control: CPS (aims, funding, philosophy, practices)Read next31Agencies in social control: judiciary (aims, funding, philosophy, practices)Read next32Agencies in social control: prisons (aims, funding, philosophy, practices)Read next33Agencies in social control: probation (aims, funding, philosophy, practices)Read next34Charities as social control agencies: roles and reachRead next35Pressure groups as social control agencies: roles and influenceRead next36Agency contributions: environmental approaches (design, gated lanes)Read next37Agency contributions: behavioural approaches (ASBOs, token economy)Read next38Agency contributions: institutional and disciplinary approachesRead next39Agency contributions: rule making and staged/phased systemsRead next40Gaps in state provision and how non-state agencies respondRead next41Limits on social control: repeat offenders and recidivismRead next42Limits on social control: civil liberties and legal barriersRead next43Limits on social control: resources, support and financeRead next44Limits on social control: local vs national policy constraintsRead next45Limits on social control: environmental constraints on preventionRead next46Limits on social control: “moral imperative” offendingRead next47Evaluating agency effectiveness using evidence and sourcesRead next48Evaluating sources about agencies: bias, opinion and circumstancesRead next49Evaluating sources about agencies: currency and accuracyRead next