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GCEOCR
Business
Exam Questions
Entrepreneurs and EnterpriseNewFactors of ProductionNewBusiness SectorsNewPrivate, Public and Third SectorNewLocal, National and Global MarketsNewLegal StructuresNewLimited vs Unlimited LiabilityNewFranchisingNewFranchisors vs FranchiseesNewCo-operativesNewBusiness FunctionsNewBusiness Size MeasuresNewSMEs vs Large EnterprisesNewExternal GrowthNewJoint VenturesNewStrategic AlliancesNew
Aims and Objectives HierarchyNewSMART ObjectivesNewStrategic, Tactical and Operational ObjectivesNewCommunicating ObjectivesNewChanging ObjectivesNewStakeholdersNewStakeholder ObjectivesNewStakeholder ConflictNewStakeholder InfluenceNewMission StatementsNewCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR)NewStrategy, Tactics and ImplementationNewBusiness PlansNewPlan–Do–Review CycleNewStrategic ReviewNewRisk and RewardNewQuantifiable vs Unquantifiable RiskNewUncertainty (Internal vs External)NewOpportunity CostNewContingency PlanningNewCrisis ManagementNewPorter’s Five ForcesNewPorter’s Generic StrategiesNewCompetitive AdvantageNewPerformance MeasuresNewFinancial Performance MeasuresNewNon-financial Performance MeasuresNewForecasting (Purpose and Types)NewQualitative Forecasting MethodsNewQuantitative Forecasting MethodsNewSeasonal and Cyclical VariationNewCorrelation and Trend ExtrapolationNewTime Series (Moving Averages)NewDecision Making (Factors and Timescales)NewQuantitative vs Qualitative DecisionsNewDecision TreesNewExpected Value and ProbabilitiesNewAnsoff’s MatrixNewConflicting Decision ToolsNewEvaluating Business SuccessNew
Markets and CompetitionNewMarket Size and Market GrowthNewMarket Structures (Monopoly, Oligopoly, Monopolistic Competition)NewDemand, Supply and EquilibriumNewDemand and Supply DiagramsNewExcess Demand and Excess SupplyNewMarket ForcesNewPhysical vs Digital MarketsNewCompetition Strength and Market Entry/ExitNewBarriers to Entry and ExitNewMarket DominanceNewMergers and AcquisitionsNewOrganic GrowthNewRegulation of Dominance (UK)NewGlobalisationNewDrivers of GlobalisationNewMultinationals and Global StrategiesNewGlobal BrandingNewInternational TradeNewBarriers to TradeNewExchange Rates and Currency ConversionsNewFree TradeNewTrading BlocsNewEuropean Union ImpactsNewSingle European Currency (Euro)NewSingle European MarketNewEmerging MarketsNewPolitical FactorsNewEconomic IndicatorsNewTaxation (Direct and Indirect)NewGovernment ExpenditureNewSubsidiesNewMonetary, Fiscal and Supply-side PolicyNewInterest Rates and Exchange RatesNewGDPNewBusiness Cycle PhasesNewSocial FactorsNewTechnological FactorsNewDigital RevolutionNewEthical Factors (Law vs Ethics)NewEthical Trading and Working PracticesNewLegal Factors (Key Business Legislation Areas)NewEnvironmental FactorsNewEnvironmental PolicyNewSustainabilityNew
Costs, Revenue and ProfitNewFixed vs Variable CostsNewDirect vs Indirect CostsNewOverheadsNewCost Centres and Profit CentresNewCosting Methods (Absorption vs Marginal)NewBreak-even AnalysisNewContribution and Margin of SafetyNewBreak-even ChartsNewTarget ProfitNewStepped Fixed CostsNewSpecial Order DecisionsNewInvestment AppraisalNewPaybackNewARRNewNPVNewBudgetsNewVariance Analysis (Favourable vs Adverse)NewCash FlowNewCash-flow Forecasts vs StatementsNewCash-flow Problems and SolutionsNewWorking CapitalNewWorking Capital CycleNew
Income StatementsNewGross, Operating and Net ProfitNewStatements of Financial PositionNewNon-current Assets and DepreciationNewStraight-line vs Reducing-balance DepreciationNewAsset Valuation (Including Intangibles)NewWorking Capital and Net AssetsNewShareholders’ EquityNewRatio AnalysisNewLiquidity RatiosNewSolvency RatiosNewEfficiency RatiosNewProfitability RatiosNewShareholder RatiosNew
HR ObjectivesNewOrganisational StructuresNewChain of Command and Span of ControlNewCentralisation vs DecentralisationNewDelegation and DelayeringNewStructural Models (Functional, Product, Matrix, Divisional)NewTall vs Flat StructuresNewOrganisational CultureNewCommunication (Formal vs Informal)NewCommunication Methods (Verbal/Non-verbal)NewCommunication Media (Written, Face-to-face, Electronic, Social, Mass)NewCommunication Models (Source–Message–Medium–Barriers–Receiver–Feedback)NewWorkforce PlanningNewFlexible Working PracticesNewRecruitmentNewJob Descriptions and Person SpecificationsNewInternal vs External RecruitmentNewSelection Methods (CVs, Forms, Interviews, Testing, Work Trials, References)NewTrainingNewOn-the-job vs Off-the-jobNewInductionNewApprenticeshipsNewTraining Needs Analysis (TNA)NewAppraisalNewAppraisal Methods (Peer, Self, 360°, Target Setting)NewWorkforce Performance Measures (Absenteeism, Labour Turnover, Productivity, PRP)NewRedundancy and DismissalNewFair vs Unfair DismissalNewGrievance ProceduresNewEmployment TribunalsNew
Functions of ManagementNewConstraints on ManagementNewLeadership TheoriesNewTrait TheoryNewBehavioural TheoriesNewContingency TheoriesNewAdair’s Three CirclesNewLeadership StylesNewMotivation TheoriesNewMaslow and HerzbergNewMcClellandNewVroom ExpectancyNewLocke Goal-settingNewManagement by ObjectivesNewEmployer–Employee RelationsNewEmployment Legislation in PracticeNewEmployee ParticipationNewIndustrial DemocracyNewWorks CouncilsNewTrade UnionsNewChanging Union Membership and InfluenceNew
Marketing ObjectivesNewMarketing ResourcesNewSWOT AnalysisNewMarket ResearchNewPrimary vs Secondary ResearchNewSampling MethodsNewTrial MarketingNewMarket Analysis (Quantitative vs Qualitative)NewMarket Share and Market GrowthNewStandard Deviation (Interpretation and Use)NewResponding to Market DataNewConsumer Buying BehaviourNewImpulse vs Planned PurchasesNewNiche vs Mass MarketingNewMarketing Models (AIDA, DAGMAR/Hierarchy of Effects, ATR)NewCustomer vs Product OrientationNewCustomer Service and Buyer BehaviourNewMarket SegmentationNewB2B vs B2C MarketingNewProduct Life CycleNewExtension StrategiesNewMarketing MixNewMarketing Strategy (Local vs National vs Global)NewProduct DecisionsNewUSPNewBrandingNewProduct Portfolio Tools (Boston Matrix, Value Analysis, Product Portfolio Analysis)NewPricing StrategiesNewPrice Elasticity, Income Elasticity, Cross ElasticityNewDistribution StrategiesNewChannels of DistributionNewOnline vs Physical DistributionNewPatterns of DistributionNewPromotion StrategiesNewAbove-the-line vs Below-the-lineNewDigital and Social Media PromotionNewDrip and Viral MarketingNewAdvertising Elasticity of DemandNewService Marketing (7Ps additions)New
Operations ObjectivesNewAdded ValueNewInnovation and R&DNewProduct vs Process InnovationNewMethods of Production (Job, Batch, Flow, Cell)NewSpecialisation and Division of LabourNewService Operations and Customer ServiceNewProject ManagementNewGantt ChartsNewCritical Path Analysis (CPA)NewPERTNewQualitative Factors in Project ManagementNewProductivityNewEconomies and Diseconomies of ScaleNewCapacity UtilisationNewCapacity ManagementNewStock ControlNewStock Control ChartsNewJIT and KanbanNewEOQNewQuality ManagementNewQuality Control vs Quality AssuranceNewTQMNewBenchmarkingNewExternal Quality Standards (BS, EN, ISO)NewWastage MeasuresNewTechnology in OperationsNewLocation DecisionsNewLogistics and Supply ChainNewWarehousing and Distribution CentresNewOutsourcing and SubcontractingNewOffshoring and Re-shoringNew
