OCR · A-Level
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Start with the first Business lesson.
What an Entrepreneur Is
1What an Entrepreneur IsRead next2Enterprise vs EntrepreneurshipRead next3The Four Factors of ProductionRead next4Land as a Factor of ProductionRead next5Labour as a Factor of ProductionRead next6Capital as a Factor of ProductionRead next7Enterprise as a Factor of ProductionRead next8Why Access to Factors of Production MattersRead next9Primary, Secondary and Tertiary SectorsRead next10Private, Public and Third Sector OrganisationsRead next11Local, National and Global MarketsRead next12Multinational BusinessesRead next13Sole Traders: Features and RisksRead next14Partnerships: Features and RisksRead next15Limited Liability and Why It MattersRead next16Limited Liability PartnershipsRead next17Private Limited Companies (Ltd)Read next18Public Limited Companies (plc)Read next19Choosing a Legal StructureRead next20Franchising: What It IsRead next21Franchisors vs FranchiseesRead next22Pros and Cons of FranchisingRead next23Co-operatives: How They WorkRead next24Business Functions: An OverviewRead next25Marketing FunctionRead next26Production and Operations FunctionRead next27Accounting and Finance FunctionRead next28Customer Service, Sales and Support FunctionsRead next29Measuring Business SizeRead next30Small vs Medium vs Large BusinessesRead next31Why Businesses Grow and Change SizeRead next32Joint Ventures: Purpose and RisksRead next33Strategic Alliances: Purpose and RisksRead next
Aims vs Objectives
1Aims vs ObjectivesRead next2Corporate, Strategic, Tactical and Operational ObjectivesRead next3Why SMART Objectives MatterRead next4The Hierarchy of ObjectivesRead next5How Sector Affects ObjectivesRead next6Communicating Objectives Inside a BusinessRead next7Communicating Objectives to External StakeholdersRead next8Problems Caused by MiscommunicationRead next9Changing Objectives Over TimeRead next10Implementing Changes to ObjectivesRead next11Who Stakeholders AreRead next12Internal vs External StakeholdersRead next13Stakeholder Objectives and PrioritiesRead next14Why Stakeholder Conflict HappensRead next15Managing Stakeholder ConflictRead next16Stakeholder Power and InfluenceRead next17Impact of Decisions on Different StakeholdersRead next18Mission Statements: Purpose and FeaturesRead next19Writing a Strong Mission StatementRead next20Benefits of a Mission StatementRead next21Limitations of a Mission StatementRead next22Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): MeaningRead next23CSR vs Profit and Other ObjectivesRead next24Benefits of CSR for a BusinessRead next25Downsides and Risks of CSRRead next26Improving a CSR ProfileRead next27Objectives, Strategy and Tactics: The LinkRead next28Evaluating a Current StrategyRead next29Choosing Between Strategic OptionsRead next30Planning ImplementationRead next31How Strategy Changes Affect StakeholdersRead next32What a Business Plan Is ForRead next33What Goes in a Business PlanRead next34Benefits and Drawbacks of Business PlansRead next35Plan–Do–Review: How It WorksRead next36Strategic Review: Why It MattersRead next37Risk and Reward in BusinessRead next38Quantifiable vs Unquantifiable RiskRead next39Reducing Risk: Practical MethodsRead next40Poor Risk Management: ConsequencesRead next41Risks Faced by EntrepreneursRead next42Uncertainty: Meaning and CausesRead next43Internal vs External UncertaintyRead next44How Uncertainty Affects Decisions and ForecastsRead next45Opportunity Cost: MeaningRead next46Identifying Opportunity Cost in DecisionsRead next47Opportunity Cost and Decision MakingRead next48Contingency Planning: PurposeRead next49Writing a Contingency PlanRead next50Costs and Benefits of Contingency PlanningRead next51Crisis Management: Purpose and MethodsRead next52Evaluating Crisis ManagementRead next53Competitive Advantage: MeaningRead next54Porter’s Five Forces: The ModelRead next55Applying Five Forces to a MarketRead next56Limits of Five ForcesRead next57Porter’s Generic Strategies: The OptionsRead next58Applying Generic StrategiesRead next59Limits of Generic StrategiesRead next60Financial vs Non-Financial Performance MeasuresRead next61Why Businesses Measure PerformanceRead next62Liquidity, Profitability and Efficiency: The DifferenceRead next63Cash Flow vs ProfitRead next64Why Published Accounts Don’t Tell the Whole StoryRead next65Non-Financial Measures: Examples and UsesRead next66Performance Measures for Different StakeholdersRead next67Forecasting: Purpose in BusinessRead next68Qualitative vs Quantitative ForecastingRead next69Delphi Method and Expert OpinionRead next70Brainstorming and Intuition ForecastsRead next71Pros and Cons of Qualitative Forecasting MethodsRead next72Building Financial Forecasts (Sales, Costs, Profit, Cash Flow)Read next73Seasonal Variation and Its ImpactRead next74Cyclical Variation and Its ImpactRead next75Using Correlation to Spot TrendsRead next76Extrapolating Trends from DataRead next77Time Series (Moving Averages) ForecastingRead next78Strengths and Weaknesses of Time SeriesRead next79Responding to ForecastsRead next80Why Forecast Accuracy MattersRead next81Decision Making: Purpose and ProcessRead next82Short-, Medium- and Long-Term DecisionsRead next83Strategic vs Tactical vs Operational DecisionsRead next84Quantitative vs Qualitative Decision ToolsRead next85Bias, Volatility and Risk in DecisionsRead next86Choosing Between Options Using EvidenceRead next87Deciding What “Success” Means for a BusinessRead next88Decision Trees: What They ShowRead next89Probabilities: Decimals and PercentagesRead next90Expected Value: Calculating OutcomesRead next91Interpreting and Evaluating a Decision TreeRead next92Limits of Decision TreesRead next93Ansoff’s Matrix: PurposeRead next94Market Penetration StrategiesRead next95Market Development StrategiesRead next96Product Development StrategiesRead next97Diversification StrategiesRead next98Risk Levels Across Ansoff’s MatrixRead next99Using Ansoff to Recommend a StrategyRead next100When Decision Tools ConflictRead next101Balancing Quantitative and Qualitative EvidenceRead next102Evaluating Decision Tools: Strengths and LimitationsRead next103Explaining Success or Failure After DecisionsRead next
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What a Market Is
1What a Market IsRead next2Competition: Meaning and ImpactRead next3Market Size: Meaning and ImportanceRead next4Market Growth: Meaning and ImportanceRead next5Increasing Market Share: OptionsRead next6Market Structures: Monopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic CompetitionRead next7Market Structure and Decision-Making PowerRead next8Demand, Supply and EquilibriumRead next9Determinants of DemandRead next10Determinants of SupplyRead next11Shifts in Demand and Supply DiagramsRead next12Excess Demand and Excess SupplyRead next13Market Forces and Business StrategyRead next14Physical vs Digital MarketsRead next15Why Businesses Use Physical and Digital ChannelsRead next16Competitive Strength and Business BehaviourRead next17Entering and Exiting MarketsRead next18Barriers to Entry and ExitRead next19Market Dominance: MeaningRead next20Mergers and Acquisitions vs Organic GrowthRead next21Monopoly Power and Its EffectsRead next22Regulation of Dominant Firms in the UKRead next23Globalisation: What It MeansRead next24Drivers of Globalisation (Tech, Trade and Transport)Read next25Multinationals and GlobalisationRead next26Global Strategy vs GlobalisationRead next27Opportunities and Threats of GlobalisationRead next28Global Branding: Meaning and ImpactRead next29International Trade: Reasons and BenefitsRead next30Barriers to Trade: Types and EffectsRead next31Trading Internationally: Culture, Language and Buying HabitsRead next32Trading Internationally: Logistics and Currency RiskRead next33Exchange Rates: Meaning and ConversionsRead next34Exchange Rate Changes: Winners and LosersRead next35Support for International Trade (Financial and Non-Financial)Read next36Free Trade: Pros and ConsRead next37Trading Blocs: Pros and ConsRead next38The European Union’s Influence on BusinessRead next39UK Outside the EU: Implications for FirmsRead next40The Single European Market: Why It MattersRead next41Emerging Markets: MeaningRead next42Opportunities and Risks in Emerging MarketsRead next43Responding to Global Environmental ChangesRead next44Political Factors Affecting BusinessRead next45Political Stability vs UncertaintyRead next46Government Policy and Business DecisionsRead next47Economic Indicators: What They ShowRead next48UK Taxation: Direct vs IndirectRead next49Government Spending and Business ImpactRead next50Subsidies: Meaning and EffectsRead next51Monetary, Fiscal and Supply-Side PolicyRead next52Interest Rates and Exchange Rates: The LinkRead next53GDP: Meaning and SignificanceRead next54The Business Cycle: PhasesRead next55Using the Business Cycle in PlanningRead next56Why Some Industries Are More Cycle-SensitiveRead next57Social Factors and Changing Consumer BehaviourRead next58Technological Factors and Competitive AdvantageRead next59Hardware and Software: Pros and ConsRead next60The Digital Revolution: MeaningRead next61Opportunities and Threats from Digital ChangeRead next62Why Digital Change Hits Some Firms HarderRead next63Ethics vs Law: The DifferenceRead next64Ethical Issues for BusinessesRead next65Ethical Trading and Working PracticesRead next66Building an Ethical ProfileRead next67Conflicts Between Ethical and Other ObjectivesRead next68Managing Ethical Trade-OffsRead next69Employment Law: Key AreasRead next70Equality and Discrimination LawRead next71Health and Safety LawRead next72Data Protection LawRead next73Consumer Protection and Contract LawRead next74Intellectual Property: Protecting Ideas and BrandsRead next75Environmental Regulation and Planning RulesRead next76Financial Conduct Regulation: Why It MattersRead next77Compliance: Costs, Benefits and RisksRead next78Consequences of Non-ComplianceRead next79Environmental Issues Affecting BusinessRead next80Environmental Policies: Purpose and PracticeRead next81Sustainability: Meaning and Business ActionsRead next82Conflicts Between Green Goals and Profit GoalsRead next83Managing Environmental Trade-OffsRead next84The Cost of Ignoring External FactorsRead next
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Why Businesses Need to Change
1Why Businesses Need to ChangeRead next2Internal Drivers of ChangeRead next3External Drivers of ChangeRead next4Types of Change: Strategic, Tactical and OperationalRead next5Types of Change: Catastrophic, Crisis and ContingencyRead next6Problems Caused by ChangeRead next7Barriers to Change in OrganisationsRead next8Impacts of Change on StakeholdersRead next9Change Management: MeaningRead next10Why Effective Change Management MattersRead next11Techniques for Managing ChangeRead next12Lewin’s Change ModelRead next13McKinsey 7-S ModelRead next14Kotter’s 8-Step ModelRead next15Leadership and Change SuccessRead next16Using External Consultants: Pros and ConsRead next17Choosing an Appropriate Change StrategyRead next18Costs of Poor Change ManagementRead next19Benefits of Successful Change ManagementRead next
Accounting and Finance Objectives: What They Are
1Accounting and Finance Objectives: What They AreRead next2Why Finance Objectives Must Link to Business ObjectivesRead next3Setting Clear Finance ObjectivesRead next4Evaluating Finance Objectives for StakeholdersRead next5Internal Sources of FinanceRead next6External Sources of FinanceRead next7Short-Term vs Long-Term FinanceRead next8How Time Affects Finance ChoiceRead next9How Legal Structure Affects Finance ChoiceRead next10Quantitative Factors in Finance ChoiceRead next11Qualitative Factors in Finance ChoiceRead next12External Influences on Finance ChoiceRead next13Comparing Finance Options for Different StakeholdersRead next14True and Fair View: MeaningRead next15GAAP: Why Standards MatterRead next16Consistency ConventionRead next17Going Concern ConventionRead next18Accruals (Matching) ConventionRead next19Materiality ConventionRead next20Objectivity ConventionRead next21Prudence ConventionRead next22Realisation ConventionRead next23Applying Conventions to Real Business DataRead next
Costs, Revenue and Profit: Core Definitions
1Costs, Revenue and Profit: Core DefinitionsRead next2Fixed vs Variable CostsRead next3Total vs Average CostRead next4Direct vs Indirect vs Overhead CostsRead next5Total Revenue and Pricing BasicsRead next6Calculating Costs, Revenue and ProfitRead next7Why Cost Structures Affect DecisionsRead next8Cost and Profit Centres: Why They ExistRead next9Full, Absorption and Marginal CostingRead next10Choosing a Costing MethodRead next11How Cost Allocation Changes Reported ProfitRead next12Break-Even: MeaningRead next13Contribution and Contribution per UnitRead next14Margin of SafetyRead next15Target Profit CalculationsRead next16Stepped Fixed CostsRead next17Drawing a Break-Even ChartRead next18Reading a Break-Even ChartRead next19How Cost Changes Shift Break-EvenRead next20How Price and Sales Changes Shift Break-EvenRead next21Using Break-Even to Make DecisionsRead next22Limits of Break-Even AnalysisRead next23Special Order Decisions Using ContributionRead next24Investment Appraisal: Why It’s UsedRead next25Payback Period: Calculation and InterpretationRead next26Average Rate of Return (ARR): Calculation and InterpretationRead next27Net Present Value (NPV): Discounting BasicsRead next28Interpreting NPV ResultsRead next29Quantitative vs Qualitative Factors in Investment DecisionsRead next30Choosing the Best Appraisal MethodRead next31Budgets: PurposeRead next32Types of Budgets (Sales, Production, Cash)Read next33Variances: MeaningRead next34Calculating VariancesRead next35Favourable vs Adverse VariancesRead next36Using Variances to Control PerformanceRead next37Limits of Budgeting and Variance AnalysisRead next38Cash Flow: MeaningRead next39Cash Flow Forecast vs Cash Flow StatementRead next40Completing a Cash Flow ForecastRead next41Analysing Net Cash Flow and Closing BalanceRead next42Causes of Cash Flow ProblemsRead next43Improving Cash Flow (Practical Methods)Read next44Evaluating Cash Flow ForecastingRead next45Working Capital: MeaningRead next46Working Capital Cycle: Stages and TimingRead next
Income Statements: Purpose
1Income Statements: PurposeRead next2Gross Profit, Operating Profit and Net ProfitRead next3Building an Income StatementRead next4Interpreting Profit Figures Over TimeRead next5Uses and Limits of Income StatementsRead next6Statement of Financial Position: PurposeRead next7Assets, Liabilities and Equity: Key TermsRead next8Non-Current Assets vs Current AssetsRead next9Inventory, Receivables and PayablesRead next10Working Capital in the Statement of Financial PositionRead next11Non-Current Liabilities and Net AssetsRead next12Retained Earnings and Shareholders’ EquityRead next13Valuing Assets: Methods and JudgementsRead next14Bad Debts and Doubtful Debts: TreatmentRead next15Depreciation: Why It ExistsRead next16Straight-Line DepreciationRead next17Reducing-Balance DepreciationRead next18Depreciation and Business DecisionsRead next19Liquidity Ratios: Current RatioRead next20Liquidity Ratios: Acid TestRead next21Solvency Ratios: GearingRead next22Solvency Ratios: Interest CoverRead next23Efficiency Ratios: Stock TurnoverRead next24Efficiency Ratios: Debtor and Creditor TurnoverRead next25Efficiency Ratios: Non-Current Asset TurnoverRead next26Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit MarginRead next27Profitability Ratios: Net Profit MarginRead next28Profitability Ratios: ROCERead next29Profitability Ratios: Return on EquityRead next30Shareholder Ratios: EPSRead next31Shareholder Ratios: Dividend per Share and Dividend YieldRead next32Shareholder Ratios: P/E RatioRead next33Using Ratios to Judge Financial HealthRead next34Limits of Ratio AnalysisRead next
How External Factors Affect Finance Decisions
1How External Factors Affect Finance DecisionsRead next2Social Influences on FinanceRead next3Legal Influences on FinanceRead next4Ethical Influences on FinanceRead next5Environmental Influences on FinanceRead next6Economic Influences on FinanceRead next7Political Influences on FinanceRead next8Technological Influences on FinanceRead next9International Influences on FinanceRead next10What a Financial Strategy IsRead next11Building a Financial Strategy for GrowthRead next12Evaluating a Financial Strategy for StakeholdersRead next
HR Objectives: What They Are
1HR Objectives: What They AreRead next2Linking HR Objectives to Business ObjectivesRead next3Setting Clear HR ObjectivesRead next4Evaluating HR Objectives for StakeholdersRead next5Organisational Structure: Key FeaturesRead next6Chain of Command and Span of ControlRead next7Authority, Responsibility and DelegationRead next8Centralisation vs DecentralisationRead next9Delayering: Reasons and RisksRead next10Structures by Function, Product and DivisionRead next11Matrix Structures: Pros and ConsRead next12Tall vs Flat StructuresRead next13Organisational Culture: MeaningRead next14Factors Shaping CultureRead next15Culture and Business PerformanceRead next16Formal vs Informal CommunicationRead next17Group Norms and Workplace BehaviourRead next18Group vs Individual ObjectivesRead next19Verbal vs Non-Verbal CommunicationRead next20Choosing Communication MethodsRead next21Communication Media: Written, Oral, Face-to-Face, DigitalRead next22Communication Models: Source to FeedbackRead next23Barriers to CommunicationRead next24Impacts of Poor CommunicationRead next25Workforce Planning: PurposeRead next26Building a Workforce PlanRead next27Flexible Working: Types and UsesRead next28Benefits and Risks of Flexible WorkingRead next29Recruitment: Meaning and TriggersRead next30Job Descriptions and Person SpecificationsRead next31Writing Job AdvertsRead next32Internal vs External RecruitmentRead next33Selecting Recruitment MethodsRead next34Selection: MeaningRead next35Applications, CVs and LettersRead next36Tests, Interviews and Work TrialsRead next37References: Value and RisksRead next38Choosing the Best Selection MethodRead next39Training: MeaningRead next40On-the-Job vs Off-the-Job TrainingRead next41Induction TrainingRead next42Academic, Vocational and Apprenticeship RoutesRead next43Training Needs Analysis (TNA)Read next44Evaluating Training MethodsRead next45Appraisal: PurposeRead next46Appraisal Methods (360, Self, Peer, Targets)Read next47Measuring Workforce Performance: Key IndicatorsRead next48Calculating Absenteeism and Labour TurnoverRead next49Calculating Productivity MeasuresRead next50Performance-Related Pay: Uses and RisksRead next51Using Performance Data to Improve ResultsRead next52Redundancy vs DismissalRead next53Fair Reasons for DismissalRead next54Unfair Dismissal: ExamplesRead next55Dismissal ProceduresRead next56Grievance ProceduresRead next57Employment Tribunals: Purpose and ImpactRead next58Evaluating Redundancy and Dismissal DecisionsRead next
What Management Is
1What Management IsRead next2Core Functions of ManagementRead next3Constraints on Management Decision MakingRead next4Evaluating Management SuccessRead next5Leadership vs ManagementRead next6Trait Theory (Carlyle and Galton)Read next7McGregor’s Theory X and Theory YRead next8Blake and Mouton’s Managerial GridRead next9Lewin’s Leadership StylesRead next10Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s ContinuumRead next11Adair’s Three CirclesRead next12Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire and Paternalistic StylesRead next13Choosing a Leadership Style for ContextRead next14Motivation: MeaningRead next15Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsRead next16Herzberg’s Two-Factor TheoryRead next17McClelland’s Need TheoryRead next18Vroom’s Expectancy TheoryRead next19Goal-Setting Theory and MBO (Locke and Drucker)Read next20Peters and Excellence TheoryRead next21Monetary vs Non-Monetary MotivationRead next22Designing a Motivation StrategyRead next23Employer–Employee Relations: MeaningRead next24Benefits of Strong Employee RelationsRead next25Costs of Poor Employee RelationsRead next26Employment Law in Employee RelationsRead next27Employee Participation: MeaningRead next28Industrial Democracy and Works CouncilsRead next29Participative Decision MakingRead next30Trade Unions: Role and InfluenceRead next31Pros and Cons of Trade Union MembershipRead next32Changing Union Membership and ImpactRead next
Social Influences on HR
1Social Influences on HRRead next2Legal Influences on HRRead next3Ethical Influences on HRRead next4Environmental Influences on HRRead next5Economic Influences on HRRead next6Political Influences on HRRead next7Technological Influences on HRRead next8International Influences on HRRead next9What an HR Strategy IsRead next10Building a Workforce Strategy for Growth and ChangeRead next11Evaluating an HR Strategy for StakeholdersRead next
Marketing Objectives: What They Are
1Marketing Objectives: What They AreRead next2Linking Marketing Objectives to Business ObjectivesRead next3Setting Clear Marketing ObjectivesRead next4Evaluating Marketing Objectives for StakeholdersRead next5Marketing Resources: What Businesses NeedRead next6Resource Limits and Marketing ChoicesRead next7SWOT Analysis: Purpose and StructureRead next8Building a SWOT for a BusinessRead next9Evaluating SWOT UsefulnessRead next
Market Research: Purpose
1Market Research: PurposeRead next2Primary vs Secondary ResearchRead next3Methods of Primary ResearchRead next4Methods of Secondary ResearchRead next5Sampling: Why It MattersRead next6Random, Stratified and Cluster SamplingRead next7Systematic, Quota and Convenience SamplingRead next8Evaluating Sampling MethodsRead next9Trial Marketing: Uses and LimitsRead next10Analysing Market Research ResultsRead next11Market Analysis: Quantitative vs QualitativeRead next12Market Share and Market Growth: MeaningRead next13Calculating Market ShareRead next14Calculating Market GrowthRead next15Using Market Data to Make DecisionsRead next16Risks of Ignoring Market DataRead next17Standard Deviation: What It ShowsRead next18Calculating Standard DeviationRead next19Using Standard Deviation in Market DecisionsRead next20Consumer Buying Behaviour: Impulse vs PlannedRead next21Niche vs Mass MarketingRead next22AIDA ModelRead next23Hierarchy of Effects / DAGMARRead next24ATR ModelRead next25Customer Orientation vs Product OrientationRead next26Customer Service and Buying BehaviourRead next27Market Segmentation: MeaningRead next28Ways to Segment a MarketRead next29Evaluating Segmentation StrategiesRead next30Recommending a Segmentation StrategyRead next31Customers vs ConsumersRead next32B2C vs B2B Marketing: Key DifferencesRead next33Choosing Methods for B2C MarketingRead next34Choosing Methods for B2B MarketingRead next
Product Life Cycle: Meaning and Purpose
1Product Life Cycle: Meaning and PurposeRead next2Stages of the Product Life CycleRead next3Interpreting a Product Life Cycle DiagramRead next4Using PLC to Make Marketing DecisionsRead next5Extension Strategies: MeaningRead next6Types of Extension StrategyRead next7Evaluating Extension StrategiesRead next
Marketing Mix: Meaning
1Marketing Mix: MeaningRead next2What a Marketing Strategy IsRead next3Local vs National vs Global MarketingRead next4Adapting the Mix for Different ContextsRead next5Product: Meaning in the MixRead next6Unique Selling Point (USP): Finding and Using ItRead next7Branding: Meaning and ValueRead next8Product Differentiation: Why It WorksRead next9Product Portfolio Tools: OverviewRead next10Using the Boston MatrixRead next11Using Value AnalysisRead next12Using Ansoff for Product DecisionsRead next13Choosing a Product MixRead next14Price: Meaning in the MixRead next15Skimming and Penetration PricingRead next16Competition-Based and Psychological PricingRead next17Cost-Plus PricingRead next18Marginal and Contribution PricingRead next19Price Elasticity of Demand: MeaningRead next20Income and Cross Elasticity: MeaningRead next21Calculating and Interpreting ElasticitiesRead next22Using Elasticity to Set PricesRead next23Place: Meaning in the MixRead next24Channels of DistributionRead next25Digital vs Physical Distribution ChoicesRead next26Patterns of Distribution (Intensive, Selective, Exclusive)Read next27Promotion: Meaning in the MixRead next28Above-the-Line vs Below-the-Line PromotionRead next29Branding and Personal SellingRead next30Internet and Social Media PromotionRead next31Drip Marketing and Viral MarketingRead next32Advertising Elasticity of Demand: MeaningRead next33Calculating Advertising ElasticityRead next34Building a Promotional MixRead next35Service Marketing: Why It’s DifferentRead next36The 7Ps: Process, People and Physical EvidenceRead next37Designing a Marketing Mix for ServicesRead next
Social Influences on Marketing
1Social Influences on MarketingRead next2Legal Influences on MarketingRead next3Ethical Influences on MarketingRead next4Environmental Influences on MarketingRead next5Economic Influences on MarketingRead next6Political Influences on MarketingRead next7Technological Influences on MarketingRead next8International Influences on MarketingRead next9What a Marketing Strategy IsRead next10Building a Coherent Marketing StrategyRead next11Evaluating a Marketing Strategy for StakeholdersRead next
Operations Objectives: What They Are
1Operations Objectives: What They AreRead next2Linking Operations Objectives to Business ObjectivesRead next3Setting Clear Operations ObjectivesRead next4Evaluating Operations Objectives for StakeholdersRead next5Added Value: MeaningRead next6Calculating Added ValueRead next7Using Added Value to Improve CompetitivenessRead next8Innovation and R&D: MeaningRead next9Reasons for R&DRead next10Product vs Process InnovationRead next11The Innovation CycleRead next12Risks and Rewards of InnovationRead next13Job, Batch, Flow and Cell ProductionRead next14Choosing a Production MethodRead next15Specialisation and Division of LabourRead next16Benefits and Drawbacks of SpecialisationRead next17The Service Production ProcessRead next18Customer Service in Service OperationsRead next19Project Management: Meaning and UsesRead next20Gantt Charts: Building and Reading ThemRead next21Network Diagrams: PurposeRead next22Critical Path Analysis: EST, LFT and FloatRead next23Finding the Critical PathRead next24PERT: O, P, M and Expected TimeRead next25Comparing CPA and PERTRead next26Qualitative Factors in Project SuccessRead next27Productivity: MeaningRead next28Calculating ProductivityRead next29Improving ProductivityRead next30Economies and Diseconomies of Scale: MeaningRead next31Internal Economies of ScaleRead next32Internal Diseconomies of ScaleRead next33External Economies of ScaleRead next34External Diseconomies of ScaleRead next35Capacity Utilisation: MeaningRead next36Calculating Capacity UtilisationRead next37Capacity Management: Improving UseRead next38Changing Capacity: Options and RisksRead next39Stock Control: PurposeRead next40Stock Control Charts: Buffer Stock and Reorder LevelRead next41Lead Time and Reorder QuantitiesRead next42Just-in-Time (JIT)Read next43Kanban SystemsRead next44EOQ and Fixed Reorder SystemsRead next45Electronic Stock Control SystemsRead next46Stock Control and Production Method ChoiceRead next47Lean Production: MeaningRead next48Lean Methods in PracticeRead next49Pros and Cons of Lean ProductionRead next50Technology in Operations: UsesRead next51Benefits and Risks of Operations TechnologyRead next52Quality Control vs Quality AssuranceRead next53Measuring Wastage and DefectsRead next54Total Quality Management (TQM)Read next55Training and Quality ImprovementRead next56External Standards: BS, EN and ISO (What They Mean)Read next57Benchmarking: Purpose and UseRead next58Services as an Output: MeaningRead next59Measuring Service QualityRead next60Improving Customer Service QualityRead next61Location Decisions: Key FactorsRead next62Comparing Location OptionsRead next63Logistics: MeaningRead next64Supply Chain and Distribution ManagementRead next65Warehousing and Distribution CentresRead next66Digital Logistics and FulfilmentRead next67Outsourcing, Subcontracting, Offshoring and Re-shoringRead next68Building a Logistics StrategyRead next
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Social Influences on Operations
1Social Influences on OperationsRead next2Legal Influences on OperationsRead next3Ethical Influences on OperationsRead next4Environmental Influences on OperationsRead next5Economic Influences on OperationsRead next6Political Influences on OperationsRead next7Technological Influences on OperationsRead next8International Influences on OperationsRead next9What an Operations Strategy IsRead next10Building an Operations Strategy for PerformanceRead next11Evaluating an Operations Strategy for StakeholdersRead next
Ratios, Averages and Fractions in Business Context
1Ratios, Averages and Fractions in Business ContextRead next2Percentages and Percentage Change in Business ContextRead next3Interpreting Business Graphs and ChartsRead next4Index Numbers in Business DataRead next5Break-Even Calculations in Decision MakingRead next6Investment Appraisal Calculations in Decision MakingRead next7Elasticity Calculations in Pricing DecisionsRead next8Using Quantitative and Qualitative Data TogetherRead next9Analysing Written, Numerical and Graphical Information TogetherRead next