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The Heart and Blood VesselsCardiac Cycle, Cardiac Output and Blood PressureBlood Clotting and Cardiovascular DiseaseCarbohydrates and Lipids in Diet and HealthProteins, Enzymes and Biological RolesEnergy Budgets, BMI and Waist-to-Hip RatioInterpreting Risk: Correlation, Causation and Health DataCore Practical 1: Caffeine and Daphnia Heart RateCore Practical 2: Vitamin C in Food and Drink
Gas Exchange Surfaces and Fick’s LawThe Mammalian Lung: Ventilation and Gas ExchangeCell Membranes and the Fluid Mosaic ModelTransport Across Membranes: Diffusion to Active TransportOsmosis and Water PotentialEnzymes in Living Systems (Factors Affecting Rate)Core Practical 3: Membrane PermeabilityCore Practical 4: Enzyme and Substrate ConcentrationNucleic Acids: DNA/RNA Structure and FunctionDNA Replication, Mutations and Cystic FibrosisInheritance, Genetic Screening and Ethics
Cell Structure, Organelles and Microscopy SkillsThe Cell Cycle and MitosisMeiosis and Sources of Genetic VariationFertilisation, IVF and Stem CellsCell Differentiation and Tissue OrganisationGene Expression and Cell SpecialisationEpigenetics: Environment, Gene Switching and PhenotypePolygenic Inheritance and Continuous VariationCore Practical 5: Root Tip Squash to Observe Mitosis
Measuring Biodiversity and Genetic DiversityNiche, Adaptation and Natural SelectionEvolution, Speciation and Hardy–WeinbergClassification and Molecular Phylogeny (Three Domains)Plant Cells: Ultrastructure, Starch and CellulosePlant Transport Tissues and Structural SupportCore Practical 6: Plant Stem Tissues Under the MicroscopeCore Practical 7: Mineral Deficiencies in PlantsCore Practical 8: Investigating Fibre StrengthCore Practical 9: Antimicrobials and Aseptic TechniqueUsing Biology to Manage Resources: Drug Testing, Zoos and Seed Banks
Ecosystems, Communities and Food WebsFactors Affecting Distribution and AbundanceCore Practical 10: Ecology Fieldwork (Quadrats, Transects, Abiotic Factors)Succession and Climax CommunitiesPhotosynthesis: Light-Dependent and Light-Independent ReactionsCore Practical 11: Hill Reaction and Photosynthesis RateEnergy Transfers: NPP, Biomass and Trophic EfficiencyClimate Change Evidence and Anthropogenic CausesClimate Change Impacts, Models and Mitigation (Carbon Cycle Links)Core Practical 12: Temperature and Enzyme ActivityCore Practical 13: Temperature and Development
Forensics: Time of Death and DecompositionMicroorganisms, Decomposition and Carbon RecyclingDNA Profiling and Genetic RelationshipsPCR and DNA AnalysisCore Practical 14: Gel Electrophoresis of DNA FragmentsPathogens: Bacteria, Viruses and TransmissionBarriers, Inflammation and PhagocytosisAdaptive Immunity: Antibodies, Memory Cells and VaccinesAntibiotics, Resistance and Infection ControlCore Practical 15: Testing Antibiotics on Bacteria
ATP Demand, Muscle Contraction and PerformanceAerobic and Anaerobic Respiration in MuscleCore Practical 16: Measuring Respiration RateGas Exchange and Oxygen Transport During ExerciseControl of Heart Rate and Ventilation (Negative Feedback)ECGs and the Heart’s Electrical SystemCardiac Output, Blood Pressure and Athletic PerformanceThermoregulation and Homeostasis in ExerciseCore Practical 17: Spirometer Data and Exercise ResponsesSports Science: Training, Recovery, Technology and Doping
Neurones and Action PotentialsSynapses, Neurotransmitters and DrugsThe Eye and Vision: Retina to Visual CortexBrain Regions and Brain ImagingCoordinating Responses: Sensory Processing and ReflexesBrain Development: Nature vs Nurture EvidenceLearning, Memory and PlasticityCore Practical 18: Investigating HabituationBrain Chemistry and Parkinson’s DiseaseHuman Genome Project, Genetic Engineering and Bioethics
