math - probability and statistics Flashcards

The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.

Events that cannot happen at the same time. P(A and B) = 0.

Events where the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the other. P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).

The probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. P(A|B) = P(A and B) / P(B).

A variable that can take specific values, often integers, with associated probabilities.

The mean of a discrete random variable, calculated as Σ[x × P(x)].

A measure of the spread of a random variable, calculated as E(X²) - [E(X)]².

A discrete probability distribution for the number of successes in n independent trials, with constant probability p of success.

A continuous probability distribution characterised by a symmetric bell-shaped curve, defined by mean μ and standard deviation σ.

A normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1, often used for Z-scores.