Key Ideas Flashcards Flashcards

The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as animal and plant cells.

A smaller, simpler cell without a nucleus, such as bacterial cells.

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution.

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.

The process by which plants use sunlight to synthesise glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

The release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen.

The release of energy from glucose without oxygen, producing lactic acid in animals.

The regulation of internal conditions to maintain a stable internal environment.

A structure made of DNA that contains genetic information in the form of genes.

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce specialised cells.

A microorganism that causes disease, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists.

The variety of different species of organisms in an ecosystem.